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A level History, Tsarist and communist Russia > Socialism ideology > Flashcards

Socialism ideology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is socialist view on Human nature being malleable

A

Human nature is not fixed
experience and circumstance can shape human nature
nurture over nature
utopian- Humans have the capacity to become members of a community bound together by brotherhood

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2
Q

What is a socialist view on humans being social creatures

A

Humans are drawn to social groups and the power of community over individualism
Bound together by common humanity
Fraternity – bonds of brotherhood and sympathy among
all humans

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3
Q

What is the socialist view on humans being naturally cooperative

A

Cooperation can achieve more than individual effort
Humans are motivated by moral incentives, not just
economic ones

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4
Q

What is egalitarianism

A

The principle that everyone is equal

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5
Q

What is foundational equality

A

All people have equal rights because
they are human. These rights cannot
be taken away

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6
Q

What is formal equality

A

People have equal legal and political
rights

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7
Q

What is equality of opportunity

A

People have the same chance to
succeed or fail based upon their own
skills and talents

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8
Q

What is equality of outcome

A

People have the same material
wealth

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9
Q

Why do socialists believe in fairness regarding egalitarianism

A

Inequality represents the unequal structure of capitalism, not differences in human skills and talent
Formal equality ignores structural inequalities
Equality of opportunity legitimises structural
inequalities

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10
Q

Why do socialists believe in cooperation regarding egalitarianism

A

People are more likely to identify with people who have
similar wealth to them
Equality of outcome strengths social solidarity
Inequality leads to conflict and instability

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11
Q

Why do socialists believe in human fulfilment regarding egalitarianism

A

Need satisfaction is the basis for human fulfilment
Needs are necessities not ‘wants’
All humans need similar things – food, water, shelter, companionship
Society should be designed to fulfil these needs

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12
Q

What is socialists reaction to being called utopian

A

Utopianism is a strength not a weakness- They are rightly interested in what humans could be if their social and economic circumstances were different

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13
Q

what do socialists think about private ownership being unjust

A

wealth is produced by a collective human effort so its unjust

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14
Q

What do Socialists believe that private ownership does to peoples human nature

A

It is morally corrupting – private property encourages people to be materialistic – seeking fulfilment by accumulating wealth

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15
Q

What do socialists believe private ownership does to society

A

It is divisive – it leads to conflict between groups – rich vs poor, worker vs employer

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16
Q

What is a Marxist view on common ownership

A

Marxism – abolition of all private property leading to a classless society based on common ownership

17
Q

What is a communist view on Common ownership

A

Communism – State ownership and a central planning

18
Q

What is a social democrat view on common ownership

A

Social democrats – Nationalisation of major industries but some private property

19
Q

What type of socialist envisaged the abolition of private property

A

Fundamentalist socialits

20
Q

Why do socialists believe that social class is the most important division in society

A

Humans think and act with those who
they share a similar economic position
Social classes are the driving force of
political conflict and change
This is most clear for Marxists who see
the division between Proletariat and
Bourgeoisie as central to revolution and change

21
Q

How does socialism represent the working class

A

seen as a working class movement
Socialist political parties have been seen to represent working class interest

22
Q

What is the Marxist idea of alienation

A

From the product of your labour

From the process of your labour

From fellow workers

From yourself

23
Q

What was the end goal of Marxism

A

Classless

Stateless

Common ownership

Absolute equality – from
each according to ability,
to each according to need

24
Q

What is Rosa Luxemburg’s outlook on democracy

A

Democracy and socialism are linked, mass strike action would develop into wider revolutionary movement

25
Q

What is a social democratic view on revolution

A

Gradualism not revolution

26
Q

What is a social democratic view on equality

A

Relative equality through a welfare state not absolute equality

27
Q

What is the social democratic view on the economy

A

Mixed economy not common ownership

Keynesian demand management not centrally planned economy

28
Q

What is the social democratic view of capitalism

A

Humanise capitalism not abolish it

29
Q

What did Crossland say about society and Marx

A

“infinitely more complex than Marx could have ever imagined”

30
Q

What is the economy like in the third way?

A

Free markets- capitalism is a dynamic and positive force, “rejects top down” state intervention
Stresses knowledge economy, prioritising competition through skill

31
Q

What is the Third ways outlook on individualism

A

Stresses the importance of community and responsibility rejects liberal individualism
seeks to fuse liberal free market economics with the importance of community

32
Q

What’s the Third ways view on society

A

Consensus view on society

33
Q

What is the Third ways view on opportunity

A

equality of opportunity and meritocracy to ensure social justice

34
Q

Does the third way accept equality of outcome

A

No
Third way focuses on social inclusion not equality of outcome
welfare policies should focus on “workfare”- welfare encouraging work and self reliance

35
Q

What do the Third way believe the states role is

A

A competition state to ensure a capitalist society through a focus on infrastructure and education.
focus on education over social security as education leads to individual development

A level History, Tsarist and communist Russia (19 decks)

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