Socialism Flashcards
3 ways Human Nature is signifiant to Socialist Thinkers?
Marx & Engles - damaged by capitalism which revolution will repair
Rosa Luxembourg - not damaged to the extent described by marx, fraternity flourishes within working classes.
Anthony Giddens - capitalism has negative effects on fraternity. pro-fairness competes with individual aspiration.
3 ways The Economy is signifiant to Socialist Thinkers?
Marx & Engles - capitalism is corrupt & self-destructive, replaced by economy based on collective ownership.
Anthony Crossland - mixed economy w limited ownership & keynsian economics to finance public spending = ensuring economy.
Anthony Giddens - neo-liberal economy (privatisation & deregulation) to fund public spending = greater equality of outcome.
3 ways Society is signifiant to Socialist Thinkers?
Marx & Engles - cap society defined by class system
Rosa Luxembourg - cap society is class-ridden
Beatrice Webb - cap society leads to inequality & poverty = competition
3 ways The State is signifiant to Socialist Thinkers?
Marx - current state must be destroyed through revolution & replaced w dictatorship of the proletariat, will layer wither away
3 ways Socialism supports collectivism?
Humans are best able to fulfil their potential where cooperation reign over greed and individualism; cooperative society, not an individualistic one
Human Nature; cooperation is the most natural of human relationships.
Individuals are motivated by social reward, which always comes from collectivism.
Arguments for an economy based on private property?
Revisionist socialism (pro capitalism) Eduard Bernstein (classic revisionist) socialism could co-exist with an economy based on private property
Arguments against an economy based on private property?
Fundamental Socialism
opposite of common ownership
key aspect of capitalism
Fundamental goal of socialism
Establish a cooperative economy through the creation of common/state ownership.
Types of Fundamental Socialism
Classical Marxism Democratic Socialism - Early - Late Euro-Communism Neo-Marxism
Types of Revisionist Socialism
Classical Revisionism
Social Democracy
The Third Way
Differences between Revolutionary Socialism and Social Democracy?
Social Democrats - moderate the global economic benefitting workers not bosses
Revolutionary - Replace global order with a new way of running the economy
The state?
Strong state to ensure a fairer equal society reflecting the principle of equality
The economy?
Economic collectivism to focus on societies needs - provide for workers & distribute wealth
Society & Individual Prospects?
Individuals are product of society they’re born into = improvements to society improves individual prospects
Human Nature?
Optimistic, naturally cooperative and generous seeking fraternity & comradeship
Can be adjusted to ensure potentials are reached whilst also contributing to a cooperative community.
Origins of Socialism
1789 - French Revolution
1848 ‘Communist Manifesto’ by Marx & Engels
C19th - rise of social democratic parties in Europe
Key socialism thinkers?
Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels Rosa Luxemburg Beatrice Webb Anthony Crossland Anthony Giddens
Poem regarding Human Nature?
‘no man is an island’ - John Donne
How does Socialism differ to Liberalism?
Human Nature - Lib = self reliant & sufficient
Society & Social Classes?
consequence of the Industrial Revolution - distinctive social groups emerge - define individuals status, prospects. Socialists wish to narrow this gap between rich & poor & ultimately eliminate the class system
Society & Social Justices?
e.g. education, healthcare = accessible to all to ensure equality of opportunity & outcome
Example of Socialism & Society?
Finland - High education free, giving same opportunity to succeed to all, regardless of financial status
5 forms of Economic Collectivism?
Progressive Taxation Progressive Public Spending Public Services State Regulation State/Common ownership
What state do socialists reject?
Monarchal, Aristocratic state
