Socialism Flashcards
Origins- christianity?
Early christian teachings emphasized communal living and sharing recourse’s to meet the needs of others, such as
‘All the believers were together and had everything in common’
Origins- British history?
Early movements in Britain influenced socialist ideas including
-Puritans: Advocated for moral reforms
-Anabaptist, levellers, diggers, fifth monarchists and quakers: All promoted ideas of social equality
Evolution- Robert Owen (Utopian socialism)?
-If you worked for him, you join community where there is built homes, schools
-Mans character is made for, not by himself
-Environmental determinism
-Made a society called new harmony in USA, people who applied where academic intellectual rather than plumbers ets, this led to the downfall
-Believed we will only be free when we get rid of this trinity of evil (Traditional religion, conventional marriage and private property)
Evolution of socialism- Fredrich Engels and Karl Marx revolutionary socialism and marxism?
-Revolution is inevitable, we need it for Eutopia
-Believe industrialisation would continue to oppress the w/c and the level of oppression would continue to increase until the w/c shape, revolution
Karl Marx provenance?
Encouraged by the wave of revolution/political violence that swept through Europe in 1948, predicted further revolution
-Write at the peak of the industrial revolution during poverty and social deprivation for the working class
-During his lifetime the emergence of political protest movements like the charists, the establishment of the TUC in 1868 would have further encouraged him that revolution led by the prolatariet was round the corner
-Paris commune 1871 short lived establishment of revolutionary government in France
Karl Marx- economy?
Exploitation of the prolatariet inevitable
Means capatalism ensure its own destruction as its nurtures resentful class consciousness among workers, who will overthrow it
Collective ownership of the prolatariet
Karl Marx- state?
The state is not politically neutral and will serve the controlling class
A ‘comittee for the bourgeoise’
Existing government need to be destroyed and replaced by socialist state ‘dictatorship of the prolatriet’
The state will wither away
Karl Marx- view on human nature?
Humans are social creates, but this has been damaged by capitalism
Capitalism has instilled a false consciousness in mankind away from original human nature
Hn can be revived by economic system based on socialism (allies with other countries prolatariet)
Karl Marx- view on society?
Capatalism created two social classes (borgouiss and prolatariet)
Class consciousness is a pre requesit of the revolution
Therefore destroy promoters of false consciousness
Society should be classless (end of history eutopia)
Luxemburg- view on economy?
Capatalism needs to expand or die
Not even imperialism can create enough new markets
Global class consciousness
Will be replaced by an economy based on workers control
Luxemburg- view on the state?
Govts need to be destroyed and replaced by a workers based society of true democracy
Rejected the need for a revolutionary vanguard
Rejected the need for dictatorship of prolatariet
Luxemburg- view on human nature?
Capitalism promoted exploitation and was at odds with humanities natural fraternal state
Government needs to be destroyed and replaced by a workers base society of true democracy
Luxemburg on society?
Capital society is morally invdefensible alternative societies exist with downtrodden communities
Sub cultural pls provide a model for future society’s
Workers need to become dictators of society
Webb on economy?
Drafted clause VI of Labour Party constitution
Nationalsm
Gradualism replace capatalism by common ownership of the means of production
This can be done through existing political and democratic system
Webb on the state?
Paternalism not a solution to the problems of poverty and inequality
Would be eliminated through trade unionism and extensive state intervention
Gradualism,
Eliminated through trade unionism and extensive state intervention
Welfare state training living wadge health care and elderly care
Webb- human nature?
Capatalism caused crippling poverty and is a corrupting force in humanity fostering unnatural levels of avarice and selfishness among men and women
Universal suffrage was a key to creating a socialist state
Webb view on society?
Capatalism society stifles human potential while fostering regressive competition tackling poverty
Incrememental approach not the bloodshed and chaos of the revolution to create perfect society
A technocratic elite should impregnate all the exitsting forces of society
Crosland view on economy?
Common ownership an aim not means to an end
Keynsian economics state managed capatalism could provide economic growth and expansion of welfarianism and full employment
Mixed economy
Closkand view on the state?
Existing system can be used to create a socialist state
Said post war consensus ment the UK had ceased to be a capatalism state
Less emphasis on public ownership and instead priotirsed the end of poverty and better public services
Crosland- view on human nature?
Human nature, seek out freedom enjoyment and worthwhile pursuits
Expectation and entitlement
Crosland- view on society?
Society now is less binary between employers and employees ‘indefinite more complex than Marx could have ever imagined
New classless managers and technocrats whose don’t fit into the prolatariet
Eliminate social privelage
Giddens view on economy?
The third way- capatalism provides ultimate opportunity for individual wealth creation
Equality of opportunity may be linked to inequality of outcome
Neo liberal economy to providence for welfare programmes through wealth creation
Giddens view on the state?
Govt power should be desentralised
The state should remove itself from economics
However it must prioritize investment on infrastructure (public transport and community service)
Invest fully in a modern used system of education
Giddens view on human nature?
Social fairness is combined with self fulfillment object to equality of outcome
Capatalism was liberated and allowed individuals to self actuality and carve out their own identities
However individuals would find it more difficult to develop if icolsted for communities
