Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Politics > Socialism > Flashcards

Socialism Flashcards

1
Q

Marx/Engels view on Human nature

A

Humans are naturally altruistic
Capitalism instils them with a false consciousness of bourgeois values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Luxembourg on human nature

A

damaged by capitalism.
humans aren’t perfect and parliamentary democracy is needed to prevent tyranny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

webb on human nature

A

capitalism is damaged by human psyche.
believed in intellectual and moral human imperfection, particularly of the working class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

crosland on human nature

A

human nature is innately fair
inequalities of outcome and opportunity hinder collective human progress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

giddens

A

shaped by socioeconomic conditions
more focus on humans as both individuals and collective creatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Marx/Engels on the state

A

capitalism must be destroyed by revolution and temp replaced by dictatorship of the proletariat which will wither away when communism is established

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

luxembourg on the state

A

capitalism should be destroyed by revolution and replaced with genuine democracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

webb on the state

A

the state should be used to create a socialist society. would be achieved via universal suffrage and would be a gradual process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

crossland on the state

A

should be managed by ‘meritocratic managers’ and ‘classless technocrats’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

giddens on the state

A

should invest in social investment and infrastructure and refrain from economic and social engineering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

marx/engels on society

A

capitalism corrupts society and the elite oppress the working class, creating class conflict.
a communist society will have absolute equality and societal harmony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

luxembourg on society

A

capitalism corrupts society and the elite oppress the working class, creating class conflict.
a democratic communist society will provide absolute equality and social harmony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

webb on society

A

under socialist state management it will produce equality of outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

crosland on society

A

state management will affect societal change and create social justice and equality of welfare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

giddens on society

A

society will embrace equality of opportunity and communal responsibility instead of class conflict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

marx/engels on the economy

A

capitalism = corrupt/inefficient and should be replaced by an economy with communism (equal distribution according to need)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

luxembourg on the economy

A

marx’s historical materialism is flawed as capitalism doesn’t need to reach a ‘final stage’ before it can be abolishes
communist revolutions could happen in LEDC’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

webb on the economy

A

free market would gradually nationalise as the workers obtain common ownership of the means of production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

crosland on the economy

A

rejected webb’s gradualism and argued for a mixed economy and keynesian capitalism
believded capitalism had largely been reformed if its exploitative tendencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

giddens on the economy

A

a neoliberal economy with a free market is more efficient than all socialist economic models and the tax revenues they generate can finance greater equality of oppurtunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

fraternity

A

the bonds of comradeship between human beings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

co-operation

A

working collectively to achieve mutual benefits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

capitalism

A

an economic system, organised by the market, where goods are produced for profit and wealth is privately owned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

common ownership

A

of means of production so that all are able to benefit from the wealth of society and to participate in its running

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
communism
the communal organisation of social existence based on the common ownership of wealth
26
evolutionary socialism
a parliamentary route, which would deliver a long term, radical transformation in a gradual, piecemeal way through legal and peaceful means, via the state
27
marxism
an ideological system, within socialism, that drew in the writings of marx and engels and has at its core a philosophy of history that explains why it's inevitable that capitalism will be replaced by communism
28
revisionism
a move to redefine socialism that involved a less radical view of capitalism and a reformed view of capitalism
29
social justice
a distribution of wealth that's morally justifiable and implies a desire to limit inequality
30
class consiousness
the self understanding of social class that's a historical phenomenon, created out of collective struggle
31
historical materialism
marxist theory that the economic base forms the superstructure
32
dialectic
conflict between two opposing forces eg class
33
keynesian economics
gov intervention can stabilise the economy and aims to deliver full employment and price stability
34
3 classes of socialism
revolutionary socialism social democracy third way
35
5 core ideas
collectivism common humanity equality social class workers' control
36
collectivism
the belief that collective human endeavour is greater practical and moral value than individual self striving
37
individualism
freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control
38
social democrats on collectivism
trade unions nhs state education key utilities nationalised
39
third way on collectivism
unions but wages are market driven private healthcare for rich prescription charges equality of oppurtunity spending on education free market
40
equality of opportunity
individuals are entitled to equal chances to make the best of their abilities. should be no artificial barriers to the progress of individual groups
41
absolute equality
suggests that all individuals should receive the same rewards as long as contributions to society are made to the best of their best ability
42
equality of outcome
proposes that economic rewards should be distributed to the values of an individuals contribution, difference in rewards would be less than it would be in a free market
43
equality of welfare
perceives society as inevitably unequal but argues that everyone should be entitled to an equal minimum standard of living, enabled by a welfare state
44
how do socialists disagree on nature of equality
revolutionaries - only after a revolution, dismiss equality of outcome, material rewards based on needs, equality of welfare rejected because it failed to remove capitalism social democrats - only achieved after reforming capitalism, needs to be substantially equal, high taxation to allow for welfare state, nationalised industry third way - needed most for neediest, equality of outcome = impractical, absolute equality = flawed, high levels of welfare and security creates dependency
45
how would different socialists bring about equality
revolutionary - seize means of production, overthrow capitalists state social democrats - some equality inevitable so a mixture of state intervention and private enterprise to promote and enhance equality (equality of oppurtunity) third way - accept there are benefits to the free market, use benefits to create equal society, fair wealth distribution
46
exam q
to what extent does the socialist view of social class impact on their view of society, the state and the economy?
47
jeremy corbyn's plan for greater worker's control
£300 billion in shares across 700 promised countries Divindends of
48
revolutionaries vs social democrats on common ownerships
revolutionaries - abolition of private ownership, centralist economy social democrats - selective nationalisation of industry, pursuit of equality
49
Clause IV
common ownership of utilities
50
different strands views on workers control
revolutionaries -post revolution, no need for workers control as communism will rise social democrats - didn't believe in workers control (lack of capability) third way - impractical, people with actual skills should lead instead (also dropped clause IV)
51
4 ways workers are alienated (Marx)
alienated from product of their labour work to produce profit for those who own means of production process - work under supervision fellow workers and themselves - encouraged to be self interested
52
rosa luxembourg disagreements with marx
less economically developed societies could have revolutions disagrees with concept of dictatorship advocates democratic institutions no need to wait until capitalism had reached its final stage (advocates overthrowing it)
53
why did webb dismiss workers control
revolutions are chaotic, inefficient and counter productive
54
how did webb think evils of capitalism would be overcome
professional experts - would solve it not the workers. the working class would vote for socialism. gradualism would mean the elected gov would refashion the state to manage not oppress workers national housekeeping - silently change its character from police power to housekeeping on a national scale. Highly trained elite administrators to organise society
55
what is social justice
a moral justification to redistribute wealth so as to limit inequality and provide an equality of opportunity for everyone in society
56
what is revisionism
to review and change a political theory
57
what are social democracy's 3 key ideas
1 - mixed economy, blend of free market capitalism and state collectivism 2 - state management, facilitating mixed economy via state management of the economy to deliver continual growth and full employment 3 - welfare state, when capitalism has been suitably reformed, the state funds a welfare state that promotes social justice and equality of opportunity
58
what is Keynesianism
gov intervention can stabilise the economy and aim to deliver full employment and price stability
59
anthony crosland (later a fabian) ideas linking to webb
managed capitalism should be reformed not replaced social justice means progressive taxation and the welfare state
60
crosland argued for a reformed education system for social justice, why?
grammar schools favour the middle class and comprehensive education is needed to decrease class division
61
4 unique features of the third way
- recognition of the free market over state planning - embracing competitive state - embracing community, moral responsibility and social inclusion - the importance of equality of opportunity over other forms of equality
62
why was Giddens critical of high tax levels
taxation inhibited wealth creation and economic growth New Labour govs accordingly reduced business taxes and kept higher rate income taxation

Politics (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions