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Politics > Conservatism > Flashcards

Conservatism Flashcards

1
Q

All socialists on human nature

A

self interested
imperfect and fallible
selfish and individualistic

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2
Q

all socialists disagree on human nature

A

if they are rational or not

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3
Q

Hobbes on human nature

A

extremely negative views
selfish humans are individualistically driven by self interest
cynical view - restless and ruthless
irrational and limited at best

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4
Q

Burke on human nature

A

somewhat negative
humans are morally and intellectually fallible
irrational
imperfect but imperfection isn’t permanent (strive to do well)

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5
Q

Oakeshott on human nature

A

somewhat negative (imperfect and irrational)
focused on intellectual imperfection
decisions should be grounded in empiricism
modest (free from design)
focus on everyday life

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6
Q

Rand on human nature

A

positive
humans are capable of rational thought and should be objectivist in pursuing self interest
humans are selfish in a good way
focus on individual freedom

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7
Q

Nozick on human nature

A

positive
individuals are rational and driven by the idea of self ownership of their talent, abilities and labour

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8
Q

all conservatives on the state

A

state is necessary in some form
rule of law
individual rights

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9
Q

conservatives disagreements on the state

A

the extent of the state
(whether it is authoritative (Traditional) or minimum authority (neo liberal))

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10
Q

Hobbes on the state

A

The state arises from a social contract between the sovereign and subjects
Subjects cede freedoms to an autocratic monarch and to guarantee the rule of law and to avoid a state of war

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11
Q

Burke on the state

A

The state emerges and grows like an organism (organic society)
Hierarchical in nature, the hereditary elite rules with noblesse oblige for the interests of all
The state should change to conserve, a society guided by empiricism

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12
Q

Oakeshott on the state

A

The state should be guided by tradition and experience.
Sceptical of rationalist state action
Change, if it must occur, should be guided by empiricism and pragamatism

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13
Q

Rand on the state

A

the state should play a minimal role in the life of the individual to allow people to act in self interest/individualistically
the state should secure a free market, law and order and national security

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14
Q

Nozick on the state

A

a minarchist state: the state should be limited to law and order, enforcement of contract and defence of the realm
state should outsource to private contracts to provide public services (help economy and protect capitalism)

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15
Q

all conservatives on society

A

recognise that there’s a concept of society

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16
Q

Hobbes on society

A

society didn’t exist before the creation of the state
the sovereign brings order and authority
before the creation of the state, life was ‘nasty brutish and short’

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17
Q

Burke on society

A

Society is like a multifaceted organism
communities, traditions, customs etc have a symbiotic relationship

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18
Q

Oakeshott on society

A

Society is like a multifaceted organism
communities, traditions, customs etc have a symbiotic relationship

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19
Q

Rand on society

A

society pursues atomistic individualism. a collection of autonomous individuals motivated by self fulfilment. These individuals resist state and societal obligations as they restrict individual freedom
no welfare state

20
Q

Nozick on society

A

Society is essentially atomistic
a collection of autonomous individuals with libertarian values. these individuals resist state or societal obligations as they restrict individual freedom
no welfare state

21
Q

all conservatives on the economy

A

all agree on capitalism and a laissez faire economy

22
Q

Hobbes on the economy

A

economy activity is only possible after the creation of the state (so sovereign is necessary)
the sovereign brings order and authority allowing the economy to develop

23
Q

Burke on the economy

A

the free market is the natural organic state of the market and the state should protect laissez faire capitalism
guide lines from government

24
Q

Oakeshott on the economy

A

the free market is the natural state of the market. State involvement should be limited to pragmatic moderation. State management or economic policies underpinned by rationalism should be avoided because of intellectual imperfection
focus on empiricism

25
Q

Nozick on the economy

A

A minarchist state will be one of the free market capitalism with a privatised and deregulated economy
tax is theft

26
Q

Rand on the economy

A

free market capitalism with no state intervention and a privatised and deregulated economy
no welfare state

27
Q

hierarchy

A

the conservative belief that society is naturally organised in fixed tiers, where one’s position is not based on individual ability

28
Q

authority

A

for conservatives, this is the idea that people in higher positions in society are best able to make decisions in the interests of the whole society; authority thus comes from above

29
Q

change to conserve

A

the idea that society should adapt to changing circumstances rather than reject change outright and risk rebellion/revolution

30
Q

atomism

A

that society is made up of self interested and self sufficient individuals (aka egotistical individualism)

31
Q

noblesse oblige

A

the duty of the wealthy and privileged to look after those less fortunate

32
Q

anti permissiveness

A

a rejection of permissiveness, which is the belief that people should make their own moral choices, suggesting there is no objective right and wrong

33
Q

radical

A

belief whose ideas favour drastic political, economic and social change

34
Q

human imperfection

A

the traditional conservative belief that humans are flawed in a number of ways which makes them incapable of making good decisions for themselves

35
Q

laissez faire

A

a preference towards minimal government intervention in business and the state

36
Q

empiricism

A

the idea that knowledge comes from real experience and not abstract theories

37
Q

pragmatism

A

core value of conservatism
they are informed by empiricism and have a deep distrust of the abstract theories favoured by political ideas such as liberalism and socialism

38
Q

tradition

A

values, practices or institutions that have endured through time and in particular, been passed down from one generation to the next

39
Q

organicism

A

belief that society operates like an organism/living entity, the whole being more than a collection of its individual parts

40
Q

traditional conservatives on paternalism

A

noblesse oblige
commitment to hierarchal and paternalistic values (natural state of order)

41
Q

one nation conservatives on paternalism

A

french revolution
Theresa may/Macmillan
prevent revolution by help from rich. updating traditional conservatism in response to the emergence of capitalism

42
Q

new right on paternalism

A

traditional and radical libertarianism and social authoritarianism
free market, atomistic individualism - mix of neoliberal and neoconservative
tough on law and order, public morality
welfare state (somewhat)
caroline nokes

43
Q

minarchist

A

someone who believes that the state should only exist for the purpose of maintaining law and order

44
Q

libertarianism

A

a political philosophy that emphasises negative freedom and advocates minimal state intervention

45
Q

early one nation policies and ideas

A

laissez faire social + economic policy
noblesse oblige
nationalism based on organicism
representation of the people act 1867
artisan’s dwellings act 1857

46
Q

later one nation policies and ideas

A

property owning democracy
preservation of society
rationalistic ideas of Keynes
social liberalism
life peerage act 1958
since 1970 - homosexuality and abortion legalised - Marriage Act 2013

47
Q

practical vs moral argument for helping working class

A

practical - stop a revolution of the poor. they won’t just accept misery
moral - wealth and privilege brings social obligations with responsibility for the poor

Politics (5 decks)

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