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political ideologies > Socialism > Flashcards

Socialism Flashcards

1
Q

Who are the five thinkers?

A 
Karl Marxs and Friedrich Engels
Rosa Luxemburg
Beatrice Webb
Anthony Crosland
Anthony Giddens
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2
Q

What are Karls Marx’s and Engels views on human nature?

A

organically fraternal and altruistic have been contaminated by capitalism instilling the false consciousness of bourgeois values. Revolutionary socialism will repair this

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3
Q

What are Karls Marx’s and Engels views on the state?

A

The existing liberal bourgeois state is a tool of dominant capitalist classes it must be destroyed by the revolution and replaced by a new socialist state the dictatorship of the proletarait

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4
Q

What are Karls Marx’s and Engels views on society?

A

Capitalist society is sickeningly yet fatally defined by class interests and class conflict. A communist society will be the perfect end of history

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5
Q

What are Karls Marx’s and Engels views on the economy?

A

Capitalism is corrupt, inefficient and ultimately self destructive. It should and will be replaced by an economy based solely collective ownership

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6
Q

What are Rosa Luxemburg’s views on human nature?

A

Human nature has not been damaged to the extent that Marx alleged. Fraternity and altruism still flourish in working class communities punished by capitalist economies

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7
Q

What are Rosa Luxemburg’s views on the state?

A

The existing capitalist state must be destroyed by revolution but one arising from strike action. The replacement state should be a genuine democracy complete with free speech and free elections

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8
Q

What are Rosa Luxemburg’s views on society?

A

Capitalist society is class ridden and morally indefensible yet alternative societies or sub cultures exist within downtrodden proletarian communities

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9
Q

What are Rosa Luxemburg’s views on the economy?

A

Capitalism is more resilient than Marx allowed. Its necessary destruction and replacement by an economy based on workers control will require determination and solidarity among the proletariat

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10
Q

What are Beatrice Webb’s views on human nature?

A

The damage inflicted by capitalism upon the human psyche will be compound only by violent revolution. Humanity needs to be guided back gradually to its original, cooperative condition

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11
Q

What are Beatrice Webb’s views on the state?

A

If harnessed to universal suffrage the existing state could be used to effect a gradual transition to socialism

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12
Q

What are Beatrice Webb’s views on society?

A

The poverty and inequalities of a capitalist society continue to depress human potential while fostering regressive competition

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13
Q

What are Beatrice Webb’s views on the economy?

A

a chaotic capitalist economy will gradually be replaced by one which secures for workers the full fruits of their labour, based upon common ownership of the means of production

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14
Q

What are Anthony Crosland’s views on human nature?

A

Human nature has a powerful sense of fairness and an innate objection to huge inequalities of outcome

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15
Q

What are Anthony Crosland’s views on the state?

A

Democratic socialist governments prove that the existing state can be used to effect radical socialist change

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16
Q

What are Anthony Crosland’s views on the economy?

A

A mixed economy underpinned by limited public ownership and keynesian capitalism will finance greater public spending necessary to secure equality

17
Q

What are Anthony Crosland’s views on society?

A

society is increasingly complicated, altered by the emergence of new social groups comprising meritocratic managers and classless technocrats

18
Q

What are Anthony Giddens’ views on human nature?

A

Human nature has been shaped by changing socioeconomic conditions. the pro-fairness instinct is still present but it now competes with a sharpened sense of individual aspiration

19
Q

What are Anthony Giddens’ views on The state?

A

the existing liberal state should be improved by redistributing and decentralising political power while encouraging greater political participation

20
Q

What are Anthony Giddens’ views on society?

A

society has undergone embourgeoisement- egalitarians must harness rather than deny these forces

21
Q

What are Anthony Giddens’ views on the economy?

A

a neo-liberal economy propelled by privatisation and deregulation will provide huge tax yields this will finance huge increases in public spending which will secure greater equality of opportunity

22
Q

Human nature as a core idea of socialism

A
  • upbeat optimistic view of human nature
  • believe individuals are naturally cooperative, generous and altruistic
  • humans seek solidarity, comradeship and fraternity
  • human nature is malleable and plastic
  • human nature can be adjusted
23
Q

Soiety as a core idea of socialism

A
  • individuals are the product of the society into which they are born
  • -society is an independent construct formed by impersonal forces, mainly the means of production
  • society will improve their will be a corresponding improvement in potential
  • classes are central to an individuals fate
  • greater equality of outcome needed for a greater equality of opportunity
  • wish to narrow the gap
  • capitalist society fosters greed, envy, resentment and division
24
Q

The Economy as a core idea of socialism

A

-social class is determined by the economic system
-natural condition of mankind is threatened by capitalism
which are said to encourage competitiveness
- want an economy that provides for greater workers’ control in employment
and significant redistribution
-want progressive taxation, public spending, public services, state regulation of capitalism, state ownership

25
Q

The State as a core idea of socialism

A

Without a strong state would be impossible to bring about a more fairer and equal society
-expansive and dirigiste
-eventually a state will wither away-marx
-advocate a state where political power is redistributed
-

26
Q

What is fundamentalist socialism?

A 
classical marxism
marxism-lenism
democratic socialism 
euro communism 
neo marxism
27
Q

What is classical marxism?

A

Capitalism must disappear before socialism and then communism could be established
capitalism promoted exploitation, alienationa nd oppression of one class by another
-there was a final destination
-historic materialism
-capitalism historically doomed due to class consciousness
-shaped by belief in revolution
-staes as servants

28
Q

What is Marxism-Lenism?

A

unacceptable implication of Marxs’s thesis was that less developed countries would have to endure many more decades of oppressive rule, plus all the horrors of a developing capitalist economy before the salvation of socialism could arrive

29
Q

What is early democratic socialism?

A

revolutions were chaotic, inefficient and counter productive guilty of the same problem besetting capitalism unpredictability

  • looked forward to a more planned and rational society where matters may be resolved rationally
  • extension of suffrage would mean there would be more democratically elected socialist governments
30
Q

What is later democratic socialism?

A

UK’s post war labour government
-introduction of the welfare state, nationalisation seemed to promote progress towards a fairer post-capitalist society
-leave eu, restoration of parliamentary sovereignty
-
parliamentary reform, House of lords
-stronger resistance to capitalist interests
-restructuring of parties

31
Q

what is euro communism?

A
  • existing liberal state bourgeois state could accommodate meaningful socialist change nationalisation
  • rejected inevitability and desirability of revolution
  • rejected dictatorship of proletarait
32
Q

What is classical revisionism??

A

-condition of working-class was steadily improving under capitalism
-no crises of capitalism
-if overseen by socialist governments, capitalist economies could provide even greater improvement to workers’ conditions
-

political ideologies (4 decks)

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