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conservatism Flashcards

1
Q

What is Thomas Hobbes’ view on Human nature?

A

cynical, individuals are selfish driven by a restless and ruthless desire for supremacy and security

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2
Q

What is Thomas Hobbes’ view on The state?

A

The state arises “contractually” from individuals who seek order and security. To serve its purpose the state must be autocratic and awesome

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3
Q

What is Thomas Hobbes’ view on Society ?

A

There can be no society until the creation of a state brings order and authority to human affairs. Life until then is nasty, brutish and short

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4
Q

What is Thomas Hobbes’ view on The economy?

A

Constructive and enduring economic activity is impossible without a state guaranteeing order and security

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5
Q

What is Edmund Burke’s view on Human nature?

A

Sceptical, the crooked timber of humanity is marked by a gap between aspiration and achievement. We may conceive of perfection but we are unable to achieve it

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6
Q

What is Edmund Burke’s view on The state?

A

The state arises organically and should be aristocratic, driven by a hereditary elite reared to rule in the interests of all

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7
Q

What is Edmund Burke’s view on society?

A

Society is organic and multi-faceted comprising a host of small communities and organisations “little platoons”

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8
Q

What is Edmund Burke’s view on The economy?

A

trade should involve organic free markets and laissez-faire capitalism

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9
Q

What is Micheal Oakshott’s view on Human nature?

A

Modest, humanity is at its best when free from grand designs and when focused on the routines of daily life

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10
Q

What is Micheal Oakshott’s view on the state?

A

the state should be guided by tradition and practical concerns. Pragmatism not dogmatism should be its watchword

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11
Q

What is Micheal Oakshott’s view on society?

A

localised communities are essential to humanity’s survival, especially when guided by short term requirements rather than abstract ideas

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12
Q

What is Micheal Oakshott’s view on The economy?

A

Free markets are volatile and unpredictable and may require pragmatic moderation by the state

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13
Q

What is Ayn Rand’s view on Human nature?

A

Objectivist, we are and ought to be guided by rational self interest and then pursuit of self-fulfilment

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14
Q

What is Ayn Rand’s view on the state?

A

The state should confine itself to the law, order and national security. Any attempt to promote positive liberty via further state intervention should be resisted

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15
Q

What is Ayn Rand’s view on society?

A

society is atomistic the mere sum total of its individuals . any attempt to restrict individuals in the name of society should be challenged

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16
Q

What is Ayn Rand’s view on The economy?

A

Free market capitalism is an expression of objectivist individualism and should not be hindered by the state

17
Q

What is Robert Nozick’s view on Human nature?

A

Egotistical, individuals are driven by a quest for self ownership allowing them to realise their full potential

18
Q

What is Robert Nozick’s view on the state?

A

The Minarchist state should merely outsource renew and reallocate contracts to private companies providing public services

19
Q

What is Robert Nozick’s view on society?

A

should be geared to individual self-fulfilment. This may lead to a plethora of small, variable communities reflecting their members’ diverse taste and philosophies

20
Q

What is Robert Nozick’s view on the economy?

A

The minarchist state should detach itself from a privatised and deregulated economy, merely arbitrating disputes between private economic organisations

21
Q

What is Human nature as a core idea of Conservatism?

A
  • stresses human frailty and fallibility
  • descriptive not prescriptive
  • rejects the malleable or plastic view of human nature
  • -scorns idea that human nature can be remoulded given the correct environment
  • is fixed and constant job of politicians is to accommodate not alter this reality
22
Q

What are the features of society as a core idea of conservatism?

A 
Localism
organicism
Empiricism 
tradition
 hierarchy
Judeao-christian morality
Property
23
Q

What is the Localism feature of society as a core idea of conservatism?

A

see society as a collection of localised communities
these communities provide their individuals with security, status and inspiration, while acting as a break upon the selfish individualism

24
Q

What is the Organicism feature of society as a core idea of conservatism?

A

society is not somwthing that can be contrived or created but rather something that emerges gradually, organically and therefore somewhat mysteriously

  • human life is subject to forces beyond the scope of reason
  • more like a plant
25
Q

What is the Empiricism feature of society as a core idea of conservatism?

A

A preference for evidence over theory and tends to emphasise ‘what is’ over ‘what should be’
deal with society’s issues in a practical, evidential way
-merely aims to stay afloat

26
Q

What is the Tradition feature of society as a core idea of conservatism?

A

Effectiveness of an empiricism society relies heavily on tradition
customs and habits are used to provide security in an uncertain world with history and experience shaping whatever changes become necessary
change and reform must be slow and respectful

27
Q

What is the Hierarchy feature of society as a core idea of conservatism?

A
  • imperfections of society lead seamlessly to inequalities
  • wiser, stronger and more opulent establish a hierarchy of power and privilege
  • with the privilege comes responsibility. This comprise known as paternalism or noblesse oblige
28
Q

What is the Judaeo-Christian morality feature of society as a core idea of conservatism?

A

Conservatism has a much stronger attachment to religion with its beleif in original sin

  • society has a strong emphasis on marriage, self contained families and individuals being held accountable
  • spirit of altruism and compassion will help bind individuals together and curb the imperfections
29
Q

What is the Property feature of society as a core idea of conservatism?

A

respect for property
something that is inherited thus providing a degree of stability
-those with property should have concern for those without incentive for duty of care
-new right wish to extend

30
Q

What are the features of the state as a core idea of conservatism?

A

Order and authority
Organic origins
a ruling class
the nation state

31
Q

What is the Order and authority feature of The state as a core idea of conservatism?

A

goal of state is to provide order, security and authority

  • state precedes society
  • feasibility of individual rights are entirely dependent on law and order
32
Q

What is the Organic origins feature of The state as a core idea of conservatism?

A

sceptical about states that arise momentously from a formal rational discussion
-prefer a state that emerges gradually, organically and unpredictably
more tolerant of Uk uncodified const

33
Q

What is the A ruling class feature of The state as a core idea of conservatism?

A

more comfortable with a state that is overtly hierarchical, reflecting the elitist society they also endorse
power often aristocratic and hereditary rather than democracy

34
Q

What is the economy as a core idea of conservatism?

A

Capitalism tends to nurture and widen economic inequalities and to sharpen distinction between rich and poor
free market risk v stability conservatives want
dubbed capitalisms reluctant supporters
Traditional supported a moderated form of capitalism free markets tempered by state intervention
capitalism promoting the status quo

political ideologies (4 decks)

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