Socialisation, Parents and media influence Flashcards
What is socialisation?
Socialisation: a process through which children are taught behaviours deemed appropriate in their community. Mainly happens in family environment
What are some key attribute to the family dynamic system.
Members changing all the time within immediate family and society as a whole: more divorces, less likely to have children, more working mother, more children living below poverty line.
What makes a good parent? Baumrind 1967.
4 dimension of parenting = warmth, expectation, consistency of rule and communication = 3 parenting styles : authoritarian, authoritative and permissive.
Maccoby and Martins parenting styles
two major independent dimension:
Demandingness/ control : setting rules, providing correction for child (can be high or low)
Acceptance/ responsiveness : rewarding, how you are critical, how responsive to their behaviour (high or low).
4 resulting parenting styles : Authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, uninvolved.
What is the developmental outcome of authoritative parenting.
childhood: high cognitive and social competencies
adulthood: high self-esteem, excellent social skills, high academic achievement.
What is the developmental outcome of Authoritarian parenting.
childhood: average cognitive and social competencies.
Adulthood: average academic performance and social skills, more conforming than permissive.
What is the developmental outcome of permissive parenting
Chidlhood: Low cognitive and social competencies
Adulthood: poor self control and academic performance, more drug use.
Culture differences on parenting and academic performance.
Chinese parents have more authoritarian parenting and children score higher grades academically.
What type of parenting is authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and uninvolved
Authoritative: warm, reprove, clear rules
authoritarian : strict, high expectations, unresponsive
permissive: warm, responsive, very few rules
Uninvolved: cold and unresponsive, no rule.
What did barber et al (2006) suggest about types of discipline
Behavioural: firm discipline
psychological : withdrawal or induction.
When is sibling rivalry most prominent in families
Start at the birth of a new baby. Less if parent continue to pay attention to the older child, and explain the changes to him o rher.
What are the influence of siblings
Usually positive : Language development, ToM
better if parents monitor this and if parents’ relationship with each is close.
How do parents treat siblings differently
First borns tend to have higher expectations and are punished more. Later born have more conflict management, freedom and more open to experience.
What generally happens to children when there is conflict is family
Prolonged conflict = children exposed to stressful events over time = anxiety, higher aggression, depression, conduct disorders.
Can be poverty or lead up to a divorce.
what factors of a child can divorce effect children differently
temperament, sex and gender
How can stable remarriages effect children.
Blended families usually have a negative effect.
Girls seem to profit less from gaining step father than boys.
stepmothers (fewer cases) may be less well received than stepfathers.
What does the AAP recommend about screen time
No screen time for under 18 months.
up to 5 years = limited to 1 hour of good quality programmes a day.
When is the average age child begins to watch Tv and what the average children in the U.S spend watching.
5 moths and 3 hours a day. Watching increases until age 11 and then decreases.
Tv and language development.
Schmidt et al (2009) - Tv for birth to 2 year olds has no association with language development.
Christakis et al (2004) : every hour in front of a screen at 8-16 month = learn 6/8 words fewer.
What did Rice and Woodsmall (1988) find
Children from 3 years of age could learn new words from TV exposure
What are some positive aspects of Tv
Social Viewing leads to shared experiences.
Increase in Pro- social behaviour.
Older children can learn a lot from educational programmes.
All about moderation!
What are some negative aspects of TV.
When programmes are not an accurate reflection of the societies in which children live, television can create false stereotypes on gender roles, beauty and race.
Inactivity can lead to obesity
increase aggression from violence on TV
What did Jack et al (2006) find about usage of internet
gave computer and internet to under performing 13-14 years olds from disadvantage homes and found academic improvement.
