Interpersonal relationships Flashcards
What is interpersonal attraction
Evaluation one person makes of another along a dimension that ranges from strong liking to strong dislike (Barone and byrne 2000)
Langlois et al 2000 meta analysis
Areas about appearance that people agree with. If was in the ‘eye of the beholder’ we would see large amounts of variation instead.
Also found attractive people tend to be healthier, more liked, sexually experienced.
Why does physical appearance effect interpersonal attraction.
Evolutionary theory: increased reproductive fitness
What are some physical appearance that influence interpersonal attraction.
Faces : average is attractive and symmetry not as important (Rhodes, 2006), Masculinity/ femininity
Bodies: singh,1993- 0.7 wait to hip Ratio. Shoulder-hip ratio of 0.6 related to upper body strength.
What are some mental factors that influence interpersonal attraction
Proximity, familiarity and similarity
Who’s and what study investigated into Proximity on interpersonal attraction?
Festinger er al (1950) : form relationships more often with people who are physical close. Friendships more common between resident 1-7 then 6 and 2 as 1 has to pass 7 more.
What is the mere exposure effect and who tested this?
We like what we are exposed to more often, Moreland and Beach (1992) four women attended classes,0,1,5 and 15 rated at end of semester on familiarly and attractiveness.
What is the social penetration model.
Altman and Taylor, 1973 self disclosure is important determinant of long - term intimacy but can you expose too much too soon?
Whos study found less is more regarding self-disclosure on attraction.
Norton et al (2007) : more we know the more chance there is to dislike. found mediating role of similarity.
What did Newcomb (1961) find?
measured similarity in attitude of student before starting university. Assigned similar and dissimilar student to live near each other. All friends to start (familiarity and proximity) eventually similar student became friends - dissimilar disliked.
Byrne and Clore (1974)
Law of attraction : positive correlation between the proportion of attitude you share and attraction towards that person. Clore (1976) Reinforcement, more you agree, more the like, the more you agree.
Jones et al 2004
Like people just because they share the same birthday. Marriages to people who have the same surname common - social matching
What are some psychological theories for relationships?
Reinforcement models, social exchange theory, evolutionary approach, development approaches
Reinforcement models
Byrne and Clore (1970) : associate others with experiences
Griffitt and Veitch (1971) had people rate others for attraction under conditions of similar/dissimilarity, crowded/quire and hot/normal. Lower rating under uncomfortable conditions.
Relationship as social exchange
Based on economic theory. Relationships governed by cost-reward ratio. Minimax strategy minimise cost and maximise rewards.
Equity: mutual exchange of resources my outcomes/my input= your outcomes/ your input
