Person perception Flashcards

1
Q

What is person perception?

A

Process of gauging others temporary states - lasting impression from under 100ms

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2
Q

What is impression formation?

A

Integrate various sources of information about others’ self-presentation into a unified judgment - dynamic and constantly changing

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3
Q

What are the models for how impression are formed?

A

Asch configural model, positivity bias, negativity bias, personal constructs and cognitive algebra.

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4
Q

What is Asch’s configurable model (1946)

A

‘central traits’ are salient ‘peripheral traits’ are less so

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5
Q

What is the study for Asch’s configurable model (1946)

A

confederate guest lecturer gave attributes differently to first and second condition - skews other attributes about the individual.

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6
Q

What are some criticism for Asch’s configural model.

A

how do you know what the ‘central trait’ is. Varies due to context - has been shown as well that polite and blunt can correlate with warmth and compliance.So why are results not effect (fiske 2007).
Biases - order effect can influence judgment, also done by asch : intelligent or envious first

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7
Q

Positivity bias

A

‘benefit of the doubt’ individuals more positive than groups. Analysis of 300,00 teacher ratings, students rate 97% of instructors above average (Sears, 1983)

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8
Q

Negativity bias.

A

If we hear negative information, these exert a very strong influence on our impressions. Harder to change

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9
Q

Why are negative biases difficult to change

A

distinctive info attracts attention and negative info carries survival value for us - avoid social cost.

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10
Q

Personal constructs

A

Kelly (1995) : we develop a unique judgment based on preference and experience.Hehman et al (2017) study on quantified contribution of perceiver (our own preference) to variations of rating people.

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11
Q

Cognitive algebra

A

anderson 1981
Model for understanding how we arrive at an overall evolution of a person.
Summation, Averaging and Weighted average

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12
Q

Cognitive algebra : summation

A

for each trait an individual may or may not have we assign a value to it. We add them up. The more we find out more our impression changes.

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13
Q

Cognitive algebra: averaging

A

process where the overall impression is the average of each piece of information. Summation/ the amount of attributes we are considering.

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14
Q

weighted averaging

A

method of forming positive or negative impression by first weighting (depending on context e.g. politician, friend) then averaging the valance of all the constituent attributes.
Compatible with Asch central trait- suggest traits that are central influence others but WA weighs them out more.

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15
Q

Physical appearance.

A

Like interpersonal attraction influences how we judge others. Halo effect - Land and Sigal (1974) provided participants with good and bad essays. Rps saw essays with an attractive, unattractive or no photograph of ‘author’.

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16
Q

The reverse Halo

A

Depending on the rater (personal contructs) attractive people receive different kinds of ratings. Dermer and Thiel (1975) low attractive rated high attractive with negative traits.

17
Q

are our perceptions accurate?

A

Strong evidence for halo effect but weak evidence for association between attractiveness and treats.Perceptions are generally false or accuracy is small.
Other research (Jussim 217) argues that accuracy in social psychology is higher than inaccuracy.

18
Q

What did Naumann et al (2009) study find

A

Demonstrated we can detect personality from appearance compared accuracy under ‘controlled’ and ‘natural’ poses. natural poses revealed more information. Brunswick lens model.

19
Q

What is the Brunswick model

A

Conceptual framework for how we judged accurately by comparing judgment correlated with a cue (how relaxed they look) and the actual trait correlated with a cue (trait being extroverted)

20
Q

Thin slices

A

Ambady and Rosenthal 1993 - participant rate social dimension on very short, salient clip as short as 2 seconds.