Socialisation key words Flashcards
Achieved status
is the result of effort and choice, e.g gaining qualifications
Ascribed status
largely fixed and unchangeable, e.g gender/ethnicity
Bedroom culture
existence of a culture of femininity based on a close relationship with their best friend and ideology of romance. the culture of femininity exists mainly in private spaces
Border-work
the marking of gender boundaries between groups
Brasian
an eg of hybrid identity derived from blending brtish and asian cultures
Canalisation
boys and girls are channelled into gender roles through appropriate activities
Canteen culture
associated with the police force but does exist in all workplaces, learnt through the hidden curriculum and involves informal socialisation
Catharsis
screen violence can actually provide a safe outlet for people’s aggressive tendencies
Civic nationalism
can unite different groups of people together so they feel pride in their country eg USA, children salute national flag every morning
Collective conscience
shared norms/values, ideas around right and wrong
Collectivist cultures
often non-western, tend to emphasis belonging to the group as more important than personal freedom
Conspicuous consumption
buying extravagant consumer goods to provide status
Cultural capital
the cultural background of the middle/upper classes- leisure activities, taste, language, qualification, attitudes and values. can operate to provide an advantage eg education
Cultural diversity
differences between cultures/societies in terms of norms, values, beliefs, rituals eg western societies practice monogamy whereas many collectivist cultures practice polygyny
Ethnocentric curriculum
the formal curriculum has a focus on predominantly European and white history
Formal social control
processes where people are deliberately and consciously manipulated to ensure they learn to follow the rules, can occur through education (children taught to obey authority)
Globalisation
process whereby the world has become smaller as we are increasingly connected
Habitus
different class groups share a similar way of thinking and behaving which are often internalised
Hidden curriculum
informal socialisation within schools, which involves norms, values, attitudes you learn through the experience of attending school
Hybrid identities
individuals who mix a number of different identities together eg dual heritage/ black british
Hypodermic syringe model
media influence is viewed in a similar way to the effect of drugs on the human body, exposure to the media can directly influence behaviour
“I”
represents the internal personality and desires and most of the time is influenced by the “me”
Individualistic cultures
cultures that tend to emphasis personal freedom and gain, sometimes at the expense of others
Informal social control
a process whereby people learn societal culture through watching and learning from others around them, though experince
Little englanders
group who identify themselves as english and a significant proportion openly admit to being racially prejudice
Looking glass self
our sense of identity, who we are is a reflection of how others see us
Master status
this is a status that is so important it overrides other statuses held eg diability, gender, ethnicity, sexuality- often subject to discrimination
“me”
where we imagine how others see us, represents the influence of society upon our behaviour
Material culture
physical things that people create and attach emotional meaning to eg clothing, housing, food
Mcdonaldisation of culture
western culture and brands have increasingly spread throughout the world
Mcdonaldisation of work
describes how workers in certain industries, eg fast food, were trained not to show initiative. describes the increasing standardisation of working practices
Neo-tribe
loose groupings of young people who come together in a particular setting to express particular tastes. they are not a coherent group and adopt different identities in different settings
Non-material culture
ideas/values that people share eg rules, traditions, languages and history
National identity
the feeling of being part of a larger community in the form of a nation, which gives a sense of purpose and meaning to people’s lives as well as a sense of belonging
Nurture
behaviour is determined by enviroment, culture eg you learn how to act
Nature
behaviour is determined by your biology/genes eg you are born that way
Particularistic values
where an individual is treated as an individual within the family
Personal identity
how you see yourself, the tthings that make you an individual eg talkative
Pick and mix identities
individuals can change their identity as and when they want
Plasticity
recognition that our behaviour is socially constructed and can be moulded in many different ways through socialisation
Primary socialisation
process of learning culture, how to be human, takes place within the family
Private patriarchy
male domination and control within the home eg through segregated conjugal roles, domestic violence
Public patriarchy
male domination and control within mainstream society, through the media, employment, within the community eg fear of crime
Reference/ peer group
those of a similar status/age, whose opinion is important to the child and with which the child compares themselves
Roles
define the xpected behaviour patterns of norms for those with particular status eg students to behave differently comp to teachers
Secondary socialisation
process of learning wider societal values, takes place outside the home
Sensitisation
exposure to the effects of violence may make us more aware of its consequences and so less inclined to commit violent acts
Socially constructed
created or influenced by society
Social identity
concerning the groups you belong to, how others see you eg female, muslim
Social solidarity
social unity, feeling ties to something bigger than yourself, that you belong and are part of a group
Status
social position someone has in society; based on how others perceive an individuals role and how much power it may have
Sub-culture
group who may hold different norms and values, attitudes to those of mainstream society
Symbolic capital
status, respect, recognition and approval within society; term is used by archer to refer to status given to w/c girls for physical appearance and challenging behaviour to teachers
Under-class
social group at the bottom of the social class structure, its members are cut off and excluded from the rest of society
Universalistic values
where an individual is treated according to standards which apply to everyone eg rules around correct uniform
Values
linked to the concept of non-material culture, beliefs about what is right and wrong in the world and based on widespread agreement
Verbal appellations
language used to reinforce gender stereotypes eg girls- angel/princess and boys- little monsters
