Socialisation, culture and identity

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

Group of people who share a set of norms, values, beliefs and tradition

Question 2

Norm

Answer 2

Expected pattern of behaviour based on a value

Question 3

Values

Answer 3

Belief that society sees as important which underpins society’s norms

Question 4

Subcultures

Answer 4

smaller culture within a culture

Question 5

Popular culture

Answer 5

Products, activites, norms and values enjoyed by the majority of the population

Question 6

High culture

Answer 6

Products, activites, norms and values enjoyed by the upper class

Question 7

Consumer culture

Answer 7

Culture in which excessive consumption is the norm and debt is acceptable

Question 8

Global culture

Answer 8

Products, activites, norms and values enjoyed by the majority of the world

Question 9

Cultural diversity

Answer 9

Differences between (inter-) and within (intra-) cultures

Question 10

Cultural hybridity

Answer 10

Two or more cultures merging together

Question 11

Socialisation

Answer 11

Process of being taught the norms and values of a culture you live in

Question 12

Primary socialisation

Answer 12

First stage of learning the norms and values of a society, usually carried out by the families

Question 13

Secondary socialisation

Answer 13

Later stages of learning the norms and values of a society and sometimes includes resocialisation

Question 14

Agent of socialisation

Answer 14

Institution that socialises individuals into the norms and values of their society

Question 15

Nature

Answer 15

Human behaviour is dictated by biology/ genetic

Question 16

Nurture

Answer 16

Human behaviour is dictated by socialisation

Question 17

Social control

Answer 17

Institutions and mechanism used to control individual behaviour

Question 18

Informal social control

Answer 18

Institutions that subtly control behaviour

Question 19

Formal social control

Answer 19

Institutions that explicitly control behaviour

Question 20

Culture

Mead

Answer 20

Studied three tribes gender roles which were different, showing gender is nurture rather than nature

Question 21

Culture

Bourdieu

Answer 21

Three different types of capital:
- culture
- social
- economic

Question 22

Culture

McLuhan

Answer 22

World is a global village due to globalisation and the digital revolution

Question 23

Culture

Young

Answer 23

Media has created a bulimic society where overconsumption is the norm

Question 24

Social control

Lees

Answer 24

Girls sexual behaviour is controlled by slut shaming and the peer group

Question 25

# Social control Bowles & Gintis

Answer 25

Education system brainwashed children through a hidden curriculum into the obedience and unquestioning attitude needed in the workplace

Question 26

# Social control Mulvey

Answer 26

Male gaze in media objectifies and sexulises women

Question 27

# Social Class Macintosh & Mooney

Answer 27

The upper class use social closure to separate themselves from the rest of population through private schools, private healthcare and private member clubs.

Question 28

# Social Class Fox

Answer 28

Middle class is no longer a homogenous group

Question 29

# Social Class Willis

Answer 29

White working class boys are a part of an anti-school subculture as they don't see education as necessary

Question 30

# Gender Oakley

Answer 30

Gender role socialisation begins in the family through the processes of: canalisation, manipulation, verbal appellations and different activities

Question 31

# Gender Mac & Ghaill

Answer 31

- Crisis in masculinity in working class men due to loss of traditional breadwinner role and industrial wok - Male peer groups reinforce hyper masculinity, football, fighting and fucking

Question 32

# Gender Jackson

Answer 32

- A ladette is a woman who spends time drinking, smoking, swearing and disrupting lessons - Secularisation and the creation of the contraceptive pill has led to this

Question 33

# Sexuality McIntosh

Answer 33

The role of homosexual males in western society involves expectations and cultural characteristics

Question 34

# Sexuality Plummer

Answer 34

Homosexuality career, once someone has accepted the label they will seek out others where homosexual characteristics are the norm

Question 35

# Sexuality Rich

Answer 35

- Women’s sexuality is oppressed by men, through marriage and sexual violence - Compulsive heterosexuality forced heterosexuality onto women

Question 36

# Ethnicity Guhmann

Answer 36

Second generation British Asians continued to place importance on traditional values such as religion

Question 37

# Ethnicity Gilroy

Answer 37

Black Atlantic ethnic identity is stronger than nationality as they have a shared experience of racism and discrimination

Question 38

# Ethnicity Francis & Archer

Answer 38

Chinese families place more importance on education than any other ethnic group

Question 39

# Nationality Kumar

Answer 39

England does not have a strong identity but other Celtic regions do

Question 40

# Nationality Hewitt

Answer 40

White backlash describes the response of white working class people to multiculturalism and immigration

Question 41

# Nationality Anderson

Answer 41

Nation is an imagined community created through the media

Question 42

# Age Postman

Answer 42

Childhood is declining due to spread of media and visual culture

Question 43

# Age Hockey & James

Answer 43

Children and the elderly lack personhood and are excluded, in care homes the elderly are often treated like children

Question 44

# Age Featherstone & Hepworth

Answer 44

Media can create new identities and as as the population ages more positive images may emerge

Question 45

# Disability Shakespeare

Answer 45

Disabled people are often socialised into seeing themselves as victims - Medical model- person is problem - Social model- society excludes the disabled

Question 46

# Disability Murugami

Answer 46

Person first movement allows those living with disabilities to construct positive identities

Question 47

# Disability Zola

Answer 47

Language used to describe the disabled is negative