Socialisation and Culture -Gender and identity

Question 1

The difference between sex and gender

Answer 1

sex is the biological difference between males and females

Gender is cultural exceptions are not fixed and may change over time and vary between culture

Question 2

Gender Identities

Answer 2

Certain Characteristics have been associated with males and females although over more recent years these have changed to a degree

There are masculine ideals and feminine ideals these helps shape these identities

We learn these ideals from the culture within society

Question 3

Gender Role Socialisation

Answer 3

Gender role socialisation is the transmission of expectations concerning appropriate behaviour for males and females in society. Masculinity and feminity are social constructed not biologically fixed

Question 4

Oakley’s 4 processes of Gender role socialisation

Answer 4

Manipulation-parents encourage behaviour that is normal for the gender and discourage what they see as inappropriate

Canalisation- Boys and girls are channeled into appropriate activities so boys are given ‘male toys’ toys that encourage physical activity ,girls are offered toys such as dolls

Verbal appellations -Girls are called angel or princess where as boys may be called little monster or similar aggressive names

Different Activities -girls are taken to dance c lass or kept at home whereas boys are sent out to play or to play football training

Question 5

Criticism of Ann Oakley ‘s gender role socialisation

Answer 5

Parents are suppose to ignore the gender socialisation within scoiety which is not realistic

Question 6

media’s role in gender role socialisation

Answer 6

The media plays a powerful role in promoting gendered behaviour and gender role socialisation

Question 7

Crisis of masculinity

Answer 7

a reaction to the changing structure of employment and the decline of traditional male-working class jobs. Men become demotivated,lack self-esteem and seek status

Question 8

Factors which have led to a decline in masculinity

Answer 8

An increase in women rights
More women at work
less job opportunities

Question 9

Abbot’s Inescapable truths

Answer 9

Fewer men than ever are able to connect the fabric of their lives to traditional archetypes of masculinity. More people to day are employed behind tills than in mining or working in other heavy industries

Question 10

Criticism of these factors

Answer 10

undermines abbot’s point about young men’s attitudes towards ‘s autonomy

Robert criticise abbots research as it does not showcase the equality of women’s autonomy