Socialisation

Question 1

Define Primary Socialisation

Answer 1

Socialisation that occurs during early childhood and is primarily carried out by the family, where children first learn basic norms and values.

Question 2

Define Secondary Socialisation

Answer 2

When individuals learn the universalistic values of wider society, rather than the particularistic ones of their ones of their own family.

Question 3

Family as an agent of socialisation

Answer 3

• Children learn from their parents through imitation.
• Children learn right and wrong through trial and error which is overseen by parents and is a form of social control.
• Family can help form your identity, as well as teaching norms and values.

Question 4

Peer Group as an agent of socialisation

Answer 4

• Prevalent in school years as people spend more time with friends than family.
• People learn to fit in through conformity.
• Peer groups can have hierarchies and become more influential than family.
• Peer groups also lead to rebellion against norms and values.

Question 5

Media as an agent of socialisation

Answer 5

• Arguably most important type of secondary socialisation.
• We can be socialised through how media represents different groups of people.
• Media influences culture.
• Media creates consumer culture through encouragement of products through celebrity endorsement.

Question 6

Religion as an agent of socialisation

Answer 6

• Becoming less important as UK becomes more secular.
• Many norms and values based on Christianity.
• Religious influence varies in multi-faith societies.
• Religious views can affect attitudes towards topics such as abortion and homosexuality.

Question 7

Education as an agent of socialisation

Answer 7

• We learn formal curriculum through subjects that are based and reflect on the values and culture of society.
• There is an informal hidden curriculum that teaches norms and values outside of formal lessons.
• Education teaches authority and obedience.

Question 8

Workplace as an agent of socialisation

Answer 8

• More important for adults.
• Resocialisation occurs where people learn new norms and values when they start work.
• Formal socialisation involves learning code of conduct, acceptable dress codes and behaviour.
• Informal socialisation involves colleagues by enforcing what is acceptable and normal in the workplace.

Question 9

Sue Lees

Answer 9

Teenage girls face peer pressure by friends such as double standards and the use of certain words.

Question 10

Judith Harris

Answer 10

Children’s identities more influenced by peers than family as peers don’t “push” but “pull” which makes conformity more desirable to individuals.

Question 11

Bowles and Gintis

Answer 11

Hidden curriculum is negative as it brainwashes children to be obedient and to never question so they can be good worker later in life.

Question 12

Laura Mulvey

Answer 12

Looked at the male gaze in the media and how it encourages viewers to assess females bodies and their attractiveness.

Question 13

Modood and Berthoud

Answer 13

67% of Pakistani and Bangladeshis view religion as important compared to only 5% of white British youths.

Question 14

Waddington

Answer 14

Canteen culture in workplaces explains conformity in work places. This can be applied to racist culture within the police.

Question 15

Jock Young

Answer 15

Media can influence criminality as media creates bulimic societies that have a hunger to binge on anything.

Question 16

Tony Sewell

Answer 16

Cultural comfort zones describe how people like to associate with peers who are similar to them rather than be in the alienating world of teacher and schools.

Question 17

Bouchard

Answer 17

Nature is more important than nurture as genetic traits influenced the personalities of twins separated at both.

Question 18

Feral Children

Answer 18

Nurture is more important as Genie couldn’t speak due to the abuse and neglect she faced during her childhood.

Question 19

Bruce Reimer

Answer 19

Nature is more important as Bruce could always feel that there was something wrong with his gender identity which suggests a person’s gender contributes to a person’s identity from birth.

Question 20

Cross Cultural Studies

Answer 20

Nurture is more important as people in the Na and The Sun have been taught the norms and values of the cultures through their ancestors and other people in that society.

Question 21

Theorists

Answer 21

Nurture is more important as the family plays an important role in socialising children and helping to stabilise their adult personalities. Families help teach norms and values to children and act as emotional support later in adult life.