Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT Behavioral Sciences > Social Thinking > Flashcards

Social Thinking Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Interpersonal attraction

A

Phenomenon of individuals liking each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Golden ratio

A

Humans are attracted to individuals with certain body proportions (1.618:1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Self-disclosure

A

Sharing one’s fears, thoughts, and goals with another person and being met with nonjudgemental empathy. Depends on attraction and friendship.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Reciprocal liking

A

Phenomenon whereby people like others better when they believe the other person like them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Proximity

A

Just being physically close to someone, plays a factor in our attraction to him/her.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mere exposure effect (or familiarity effect)

A

People prefer stimuli that they have been exposed to more frequently.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Amygdala

A

Part of the brain that is responsible for associating stimuli and their corresponding rewards or punishments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cognitive association model

A

We are more likely to respond to others aggressively whenever we are feeling negative emotions, such as being tired, sick, frustrated, or in pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Secure attachment

A

Seen when a child has a consistent caregiver and is able to go out and explore knowing that he has a secure base to return to.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Avoidant attachment

A

Results when the caregiver has little or no response to a distressed child.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ambivalent attachment

A

When a caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child’s distress, sometimes responding appropriately, sometimes neglect fully.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Disorganized attachment

A

Children show no clear pattern of behavior in response to the caregiver’s absence or presence, but instead can show a mix of different behaviors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Social support

A

Perception or reality that one is cared for by a social network. 5 types: emotional, esteem, material, informational, and network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Emotional support

A

Is listening, affirming, and empathizing with someone’s feelings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Esteem support

A

Similar to emotional support, but touches more directly on affirming the qualities and skills of a person. (Reminding someone of their skills to bolster their confidence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Material support (or tangible support)

A

Any type of financial or material contribution to another person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Informational support

A

Providing information that will help someone. (Providing support to patients as you explain their diagnoses. Potential treatment options m, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Network support

A

Gives a person a sense of belonging that is accomplished through gestures, group activities, and shared experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Foraging

A

Seeking out and eating food, is driven by biological, psychological and social influences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Where the Sensation of hunger is controlled. (Specifically the lateral hypothalamus).

Ventromedial hypothalamus responds to cues that we are full and promotes satisfactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Monogamy

A

An exclusive mating relationship.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Polygamy

A

Invoked a male having exclusive relationships with multiple females (polygyny) or a female having exclusive relationships with multiple males (polyandry).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Promiscuity

A

Refers to a member of one sex mating with any member of the opposite sex, without exclusivity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Phenotypic benefits

A

Observable traits that make a potential mate more attractive to the opposite sex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Sensory bias

A

Development of a trait to match a preexisting preference that exists in the population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Fisherian or runaway selection

A

A positive feedback mechanism in which a particular trait that has no effect on survival becomes more and more exaggerated over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Indicator traits

A

A trait the signifies overall good health and well being of an organism, increasing its attractiveness to mates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Generic compatibility

A

The creation of mate pairs that, when combined, have complementary genetics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Altruism

A

A form of helping behavior in which the person’s intent is to benefit someone else at some cost to himself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Empathy

A

The ability to vicariously experience the emotions of another, and it is thought by some psychologists to be a strong influence on helping behavior.

31
Q

Empathy-altruism hypothesis

A

One individual helps another person when he feels empathy for the other person, regardless of the cost.

32
Q

Game theory

A

Attempt to explain decision-making behavior to predict interactions based on game characteristics, including strategy, winning, losing, rewards, punishments, profits, and cost.

33
Q

Evolutionary stable strategy (ESS)

A

When an ESS is adopted by a given population in a specific environment, natural selection will prevent alternative strategies from arising.

34
Q

Inclusive fitness

A

A measure of an organism’s success in the population. It’s based on the number of offspring, success in supporting offspring, and the ability of the offspring to then support others.

35
Q

Components of social perception

A

Perceived: influences by experience, motives and emotional state

Target: refers to the person about which the perception is made.

Situation: a given social context can determine what information is available to the perceived.

36
Q

Primacy effect

A

The idea that first impressions are often more important then subsequent impressions.

37
Q

Recent effect

A

Most recent information we have about an individual that is most important in forming our impressions.

38
Q

Reliance on central traits

A

Individuals tend to organize the perception of others based on traits and personal characteristics of the target that are most relevant to the perceiver.

39
Q

Implicit personality theory

A

The categories we place others in during impression formation.

There are sets of assumptions people make about how different types of people, their traits, and their behavior are related.

40
Q

Stereotyping

A

Making assumptions about people based on the category in which they are placed.

41
Q

Halo effect

A

A cognitive bias in which judgements about a specific aspects of an individual can be affected by one’s overall impression of the individual.

42
Q

Just-world hypothesis

A

In a just-world, good things happen to good people, and vice versa. (Karma)

43
Q

Self serving bias (or self-serving attributional bias)

A

Refers to the fact that individuals will view their own success based on internal factors, while viewing failures based on external factors.

44
Q

Self-enchancement

A

Focuses on the need to maintain self-worth and can be done through internal attribution of successes and external attribution of failures.

45
Q

Attribution theory

A

Focuses on the tendency for individuals to infer the causes of other people’s behaviors.

46
Q

Dispositional (internal) attributions

A

Those that relate to the person whose behavior is being considered, including his beliefs, attitudes, and personality characteristics.

47
Q

Situational (external) attributions

A

Relate to features of the surroundings, such as threats, money, social norms, and peer pressure.

48
Q

Consistent cues

A

Refer to the consistent behavior of a person over time.

49
Q

Consensus cues

A

Relate to the extent to which a person’s behavior differs from others.

50
Q

Distinctiveness cues

A

Refer to the extent to which a person engages in similar behavior across a series of scenarios.

51
Q

Correspondent inference theory

A

Focuses on the intentionality of others’ behavior. When an individual unexpectedly performs a behavior that helps or hurts us, we tend to explain the behavior by dispositional attribution.

52
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

Assumes that we are generally biased toward making dispositional attributions rather than situational attributions, especially in negative contexts.

53
Q

Attribute substitution

A

Occurs when individuals must make judgments that are complex, but instead they substitute a simpler solution or apply a heuristic.

54
Q

Stereotypes

A

Occur when attitudes and impressions are based on limited and superficial information about a person or a group of individuals.

55
Q

Stereotype content model

A

Attempts to classify stereotypes with respect to a hypothetical in-group using two dimensions: warmth and competence.

56
Q

Paternalistic stereotype

A

Low status, not competitive (housewives, elderly people, disabled people)

High warmth & low competence

57
Q

Admiration stereotype

A

High status, not competitive (in-groups, close allies).

High warmth & high competence

58
Q

Contemptuous stereotype

A

Low status, competitive (welfare recipients, poor people)

Low warmth & low competence

59
Q

Envious stereotype

A

High status, competitive (Asians, Jews, rich people, feminists)

Low warmth & high competence

60
Q

Self fulfilling prophecy

A

Expectations from stereotypes that create conditions that lead to confirmation of those expectations.

61
Q

Stereotype threat

A

Refers to the concept of people being concerned or anxious about confirming a negative stereotype about one’s social group.

62
Q

Prejudice

A

An irrigation all positive or negative attitude toward a person, group, or thing, priori to an actual experience with that entity.

63
Q

Propaganda

A

A common way by which large organizations and political groups attempt to create prejudices in others.

64
Q

Power

A

Ability of people or groups to achieve their goals despite any obstacles and their ability to control resources.

65
Q

Prestige

A

The level of respect shown to a person by others.

66
Q

Class

A

Socioeconomic status

67
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The practice of making judgements about other cultures based on the values and beliefs of one’s own culture, especially when it comes to language, customs, and religion.

68
Q

In-group

A

A social group with which a person experiences a sense of belonging or identifies as a member.

69
Q

Out-group

A

A social group with which an individual does not identify.

70
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Perception of another culture as different from one’s own, but with the recognition that the cultural values, mores, and rules of a culture fit into that culture itself.

71
Q

Discrimination

A

Occurs when prejudicial attitudes cause individuals of a particular group to be treated differently from others.

Prejudice is an attitude.
Discrimination is a behavior.

72
Q

Individual discrimination

A

Refers to one person discriminating against a particular person or group.

73
Q

Institutional discrimination

A

Discrimination against a particular person or group by an entire institution.

MCAT Behavioral Sciences (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions