Social Stratification

Question 1

Social class

Answer 1

A category of people who share a similar socioeconomic position in society. (Can be identified by looking at the economic opportunities, job positions, lifestyles, attitudes, and behaviors of a given slice of society)

Question 2

Social stratification

Answer 2

Focuses on social inequalities and studies the basic question of who gets what and why, which relates to one’s socioeconomic status (SES), which depends on ascribed or achieved status.

Question 3

Power

Answer 3

The ability to affect other’s behavior through real or perceived rewards and punishments, and is based on the unequal distribution of valued resources. (Relationship between individuals, groups, and social institutions)

Question 4

Anomie

Answer 4

A lack of social norms, or the breakdown of social bonds between an individual and society.

Question 5

Strain theory

Answer 5

Focuses on how anomic conditions can lead to deviance. (Includes excessive individualism, social inequality, and isolation)

Question 6

Social capital

Answer 6

The investments people make in their society in return for economic or collective rewards; the greater the investment, the higher the level of social integration and inclusion.

Question 7

Social network

Answer 7

Main form of social capital with 2 types:

1) situational: socioeconomic advantage
2) positional: based on how connected one is within a network, and one’s centrality within that network.

Question 8

Strong ties

Answer 8

Peer group and kinship contacts, which are quantitatively small but qualitatively powerful.

Question 9

Weak ties

Answer 9

Social connections that are personally superficial, such as associates, but that are large in number and provide connections to a wide range of other individuals.

Question 10

Five ethnicities model

Answer 10

White
Black
Asian
Latino
Native American

Question 11

Social mobility

Answer 11

An economic and occupational structure that allows one to acquire higher-level employment opportunities given proper credentials and experience requirements.

Question 12

Intragenerational mobility

Answer 12

Changes in social status that happen within a person’s lifetime.

Question 13

Inter generational mobility

Answer 13

Changes that are from parents to children.

Question 14

Meritocracy

Answer 14

Based on intellectual talent and achievement, and is a means for a person to advance up the social ladder.

Question 15

Plutocracy

Answer 15

A rule by he upper classes instead of meritocracy.

Question 16

Poverty

Answer 16

Low socioeconomic status and a lack of possessions or financial resources. Can be handed down from generation to generation and can be defined on its own terms or in comparison to the rest of the population.

Question 17

Social reproduction

Answer 17

Social inequality being reproduced or passed on from one generation to the next.

Question 18

Absolute level

Answer 18

Poverty is a socioeconomic condition in which people do not have enough money or resources to maintain a quality of living that includes basic life necessities such as shelter, food, clothing, and water.

Question 19

Relative

Answer 19

In terms of poverty, one is poor in comparison to the larger population in which they live.

Question 20

Poverty line

Answer 20

Is derived from the government’s calculation of the minimum income requirements for families to acquire the minimum necessities of life.

Question 21

Social exclusion

Answer 21

Can arise from the sense of powerlessness when poor individuals feel alienated from society.

Question 22

Spatial inequality

Answer 22

Social stratification across territories and their populations. Examining space helps to illuminate social inequalities b/c it attends to how geography influences social processes.

Question 23

Incidence

Answer 23

Number of new cases of an illness per population at risk in a given amount of time. (New cases / population at risk / time)

Question 24

Prevelance

Answer 24

Measure of the number of cases of an illness overall-whether new or chronic-per population in a given amount of time. (Total cases / total population / time)

Question 25

Morbidity

Answer 25

The burden or degree of illness associated with a given disease.

Question 26

Mortatility

Answer 26

Deaths caused by a given disease

Question 27

Second sickness

Answer 27

An exacerbation of health outcomes caused by social injustice. Low income groups are more likely to have poorer health, be uninsured, and die younger than middle- or upper- class adults.

Question 28

Medicare

Answer 28

Covers patients over the age of 65, those with end-stage renal disease, and those with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Question 29

Medicaid

Answer 29

Covers patients who are in significant financial need.