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Sociology for the MCAT :) > Social Thinking > Flashcards

Social Thinking Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Attraction

A

Individuals both liking each other based on similarity, outward appearance & proximity

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2
Q

Self-Disclosure

A

Sharing ones thoughts, fears and goals

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3
Q

Reciprocal Liking

A

People like others better when they believe they are liked

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4
Q

Mere Exposure Effect

A

People prefer stimuli that they have been exposed to more frequently

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5
Q

Aggression

A

Behavior that intends to cause harm or increase social dominance

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6
Q

Amygdala

A

Responsible for associating stimuli with corresponding reward / punishment

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7
Q

Cognitive Neo-Association Model

A

More likely to respond to others aggressively when we are feeling neg. emotions

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8
Q

Attachment

A

Emotional bond between caregiver and a child

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9
Q

Secure Attachment

A

Consistent caregiver (trust) with secure base / home to return to

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10
Q

Avoidant Attachment

A

Caregiver provides little to no response to the distressed child
- Child does not prefer the caregiver

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11
Q

Ambivalent Attachment

A

Caregiver has an inconsistent response to the child

- Child has mixed feelings

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12
Q

Disorganized Attachment

A

There is no clear patter / behavior in response to caregiver

- Child has erratic behavior; social withdrawal

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13
Q

Social Support

A

Perception / Reality that one is care for by a social network

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14
Q

Emotional Support

A

Listening, affirming and empathizing with someones feelings

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15
Q

Esteem Support

A

Affirming qualities and skills of a person

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16
Q

Material (Tangible) Support

A

Money or material contribution to a person

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17
Q

Informational Support

A

Providing info to help someone

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18
Q

Network (Social) Support

A

To give someone a sense of belonging

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19
Q

Mating System

A

Organization of a groups sexual behavior

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20
Q

Monogamy

A

Exclusive mating relationship

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21
Q

Polygyny

A

Male exclusive with multiple females

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22
Q

Polyandry

A

Female exclusive with multiple males

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23
Q

Promiscuity

A

No exclusivity when mating

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24
Q

Direct Benefit

A

Material advantage, protection or emotional support

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25
Q

Indirect Benefit

A

Promote survival in offspring

  • Phenotypic
  • Sensory
  • Fisherian
  • Indicator
  • Genetic
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26
Q

Phenotypic Benefit

A

Observable traits; attractive

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27
Q

Sensory Benefit

A

Trait to match pre-existing preference in population

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28
Q

Fisherian Benefit

A

Positive feedback - a trait with no effect on survival becomes more exaggerated over time

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29
Q

Indicator Benefit

A

Trait signifies good health and well being

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30
Q

Genetic Benefit

A

Mate pairs with complementary genetics to reduce recessive genetic disorders

31
Q

Altruism

A

Helping with the intent to benefit someone else at a cost to himself

32
Q

Empathy

A

Vicariously experiencing the emotions of another

33
Q

Empathy-Altruism Theory

A

Individuals help another person when they feel empathy for them regardless of the cost

34
Q

Game Theory

A

Explains decision making behavior

Game - defined by the player, the information and the actions available to each player. Decisions are made according to the payoffs (fitness) associated with the outcomes

35
Q

Evolutionary Stable Strategy (ESS)

A

Population in an environment that has natural selection is at equilibrium and no alternate strategies can invade the population to pass on traits

36
Q

Inclusive Fitness

A

Measure of organisms success in a population (# of offspring and their survival)

37
Q

Social Perception

A

Provides the tools to make judgments / impressions regarding people

38
Q

Impression Bias

A

Selection of cues to form interpretation of others that are consistent over time

39
Q

Primacy Effect

A

First impressions are more important than subsequent ones

40
Q

Recency Effect

A

Most recent information is more important when forming impressions

41
Q

Reliance on Central Traits

A

Organize perception f others based on traits / personal characteristics of the target; subject to beliefs, opinion, ideas and actions of others

42
Q

Implicit Personality Theory

A

Assumptions about how types of people, traits and behaviors are related

43
Q

Halo Effect

A

Overall impression of an individual effect judgements about their specific aspects

44
Q

Just World Hypothesis

A

“Karma”

Good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people

45
Q

Self Serving Bias

A

Individuals view success based on internal factors and failures based on external factors to protect their self esteem

46
Q

Self Enhancement

A

Maintain self worth through the use of the self serving bias

47
Q

Attribution Theory

A

Individuals tendency to infer the causes of others behavior

  • Dispositional (internal)
  • Situational (external)
48
Q

Dispositional

A

Internal - attributions related to the person being considered including their beliefs, attitudes and personal characteristics

49
Q

Situational

A

External - attributions related to features of the surroundings such as threats, $, social norms and peer pressure

50
Q

Consistency Cues

A

Consistent behavior over time (associated with motives)

51
Q

Consensus Cues

A

Extent to which a persons behavior differs from others

52
Q

Distinctiveness Cues

A

Uses similar behavior in similar situations

53
Q

Correspondent Inference Theory

A

Focus on the intent behind peoples behaviors

54
Q

Fundamental Error Attribution Theory

A

Biased toward dispositional (internal) attributions in negative contexts

55
Q

Attribute Substitution

A

Make complex judgments but substitute a simpler solution

56
Q

Prejudice

A

*Attitude / Emotional Response

Irrational + or - attitude toward a person, group or think prior to an actual experience with them

57
Q

Propaganda

A

Large organizations / political groups attempt to create prejudice in others

58
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Judgements about other cultures based on the values and beliefs in ones own culture

59
Q

Cultural Relativism

A
  • Perception of another culture as different from ones own

- Recognition that values, mores, rules, etc… of a culture fit into that culture itself

60
Q

Power

A

Ability of people to achieve goals (despite obstacles) and control resources

*Social factor that affects prejudice

61
Q

Prestige

A

Level of respect shown to a person by others

*Social factor that affects prejudice

62
Q

Class

A

Socioeconomic status resulting in the “haves” and the “have nots”

*Social factor that affects prejudice

63
Q

Stereotype

A

*Cognitive

Attitude and impressions about a person or group are based on limited and superficial info

64
Q

Stereotype Content Model

A

Classify stereotypes with respect to a hypothetical “in group” using warmth and competence

65
Q

Self- Fulfilling Prophecy

A

Stereotypes that lead to expectations of certain groups / individual which create conditions that lead to the confirmation of those expectations

66
Q

Stereotype Threat

A

People being concerned or anxious about confirming a negative stereotype about ones social group; causing reduced performance, self-handicapping and lowers ones personal investment in the activity

67
Q

Paternalistic

A

*Low competency; High warmth”

  • Low status, not competitive
  • Looked own on as inferior, dismissed or ignored
68
Q

Admiration

A

High competency, High warmth

  • High status; not competitive
  • Viewed with pride and + feelings
69
Q

Contemptuous

A

*Low competency, Low warmth

  • Low status; not competitive
  • Viewed with anger, resentment or annoyance
70
Q

Envious

A

*High competency; Low warmth

  • High status; competitive
  • Viewed with jealousy, distrust and bitterness
71
Q

Discrimination

A
  • Behavior

- Prejudicial attitudes cause individuals of a particular group to be treated differently from others

72
Q

Individual Discrimination

A

One person discriminating against a particular group or person

73
Q

Institutional Discrimination

A

Entire institution discriminates against a particular person or group

Sociology for the MCAT :) (5 decks)

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