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Sociology for the MCAT :) > Social Stratification > Flashcards

Social Stratification Flashcards

1
Q

Social Class

A

Category of people who share similar socioeconomic positions in society

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2
Q

Social Stratification

A

Focuses on social inequalities and studies the basic questions of who gets what and why

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3
Q

Ascribed Status

A

*Involuntary

Derives from clearly identified characteristics like age, gender and skin color

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4
Q

Achieved Status

A

*Voluntary (hard work / merit)

Acquired via direct individual efforts

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5
Q

Power

A

Ability to affect others’ behavior through real or perceived rewards and punishments and is based on the unequal distribution of valued resources; defines relationships

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6
Q

Anomie

A

Lack of social norms or the breakdown of social bonds between an individual and society

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7
Q

Strain Theory

A

Focuses on how anomie / anomic conditions can lead to social deviance

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8
Q

Social Capital

A

Investments people make in society in return for economic or collective rewards

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9
Q

Strong Ties

A

Peer group / kinship contacts; strong social connections; few in number but powerful

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10
Q

Weak Ties

A

Superficial social connections; large in number

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11
Q

5 Ethnicities Model

A

Defined by the US Census Bureau and the National Institute of Health (NIH)

  1. White
  2. Black
  3. Asian
  4. Latino
  5. Native American
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12
Q

Social Mobility

A

Result of economic and occupational structures that allows one to acquire higher level of employment opportunities given proper credentials and experience requirements

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13
Q

Intra-generational Mobility

A

Changes in status happen in a person’s lifetime

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14
Q

Inter-generational Mobility

A

Changes are between generations from parents to children

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15
Q

Meritocracy

A

Intellectual talent and achievement; means for a person to advance up the social ladder

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16
Q

Plutocracy

A

Rule by the upper classes

17
Q

Poverty

A

Low socioeconomic status and lack of possessions, money or resources

18
Q

Social Reproduction

A

Social inequality can be reproduced or passed from one generation to the next

19
Q

Absolute Poverty

A

Socioeconomic condition in which people do not have money or resources to maintain quality of life / living which include the basic necessities (shelter, water, food, clothing)

20
Q

Relative Poverty

A

One is poor in comparison to the larger population in which they live

21
Q

Poverty Line

A

Derived from the governments calculations of the minimum income requirements for families to acquire the minimum necessities of life

22
Q

Social Exclusion

A

Can arise from a sense of powerlessness when poor individuals feel alienated from society.

23
Q

Spatial Inequality

A

Focuses on social stratification across territories and their populations; how geography influences social processes

24
Q

Residential Segregation

A
  • Where one resides; urban, suburban or rural

- Has an effect on how people interact, cooperate and advance

25
Q

Environmental Justice

A

Poor living conditions / dangerous environmental conditions result in increased illness and disease

Environmental risk tend to be in low income areas

26
Q

Global Inequalities

A
  • Globalization limits power / resources as the production of goods constantly moves
  • Communities become subject to the ebb and flow of the market
  • Large populations placing strain on the world’s resources
27
Q

Epidemiology

A

The study and analysis of the patterns, causes and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations

28
Q

Incidence

A

The number of new cases of an illness per population at risk (does not include those already sick) in a given time

29
Q

Prevalence

A

Number of cases of an illness overall per population in a given time

30
Q

Morbidity

A

Degree of illness associated with a given disease

31
Q

Mortality

A

Number of deaths caused by a given disease

32
Q

Second Sickness

A

Exacerbation of health outcomes caused by social injustice and class differences

*Low income groups are more likely to have poor health and be uninsured

33
Q

Affordable Care Act (ACA) - 2010

A

Increasing coverage rate and affordability of insurance for all Americans by reducing the overall cost

34
Q

Medicare

A

Covers patients over 65, disabled, end stage renal disease & those with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

35
Q

Medicaid

A

Covers patients with significant financial need; disabilities

Sociology for the MCAT :) (5 decks)

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