Social Studies Ch 4 Flashcards
Many ___ did not like being ruled by Spain.
Mexicans
Under Spain’s Rule, people born in Mexico of Spanish parents, the ___, could not hold good jobs.
criollos
Spain treated people of both European and Indian Heritage, the ___, even worse.
mestizos
Mexico fought a war to win its ___ from Spain.
independence
After the war, most of the Spanish speaking people of Alta California, the ___, welcome to Mexican rule.
Californios
The new government ended the church ruled mission system in California and ordered the ___ of the missions.
secularization
To attract people to California, the Mexican government offered gifts of land, or ___ ___.
land grants
If someone wanted land, he or she wrote a letter that included a hand-drawn map. The map, called a ___, showed the boundaries of the land.
diseno
Many settlers started large cattle ranches, called ___.
rancho
These had a main house, called the ___, and pasture for cattle and horses.
hacienda
Before the war, the ___ of California where closed to foreign ships.
ports
Once ships were allowed to dock, trade became important to the ___.
economy
When a ship arrived, people would ___ one item for another.
barter
Traders wanted ___ to make soap and candles.
tallow
The Spanish-speaking people of California, the ___, needed things they could not get in California.
Californios
Life on a rancho was very interesting. There was always much work, or ___, to be done.
labor
Cowhands called ___ were skilled at using a rope called a ___ to round up the rancho’s cattle.
vaqueros,
reata
Sometimes these workers would mark young cattle with a ___ to show the cattle belong to that rancho.
brand
Even with all the work, people on the Rancho still found time to celebrate. Large parties, or __, could last for days, and people traveled from far away to attend.
fiestas
What role did women play on the ranchos?
Some ran their own ranchos; others helped families run their ranchos; worked with cattle; some were vaqueros.
Who was Lorenzo Asisara?
an Indian living at Mission Santa Cruz who told of the bad treatment of Indians
What was Lorenzo Asisara’s complaint?
Indians were only given unproductive, old mares
How could vaqueros recognize the cattle in their rancho’s herds?
by looking at their brands, the marks burned into their hides
T or F: The leaders of Alta CA met in Monterey in April 1822 and accepted Mexican rule.
T
Why were missions secularized?
Mexico wanted to end the missions because they were very powerful, reminded of Spanish rule, and controlled a lot of the best land
Why did Mexico offer land grants?
to attract people to California, to grow the population and economy
What two reasons helped CA’s economy grow during Mexican rule?
1 - Mexico allowed trade (ships from US, Russia, Britain sailed to San Diego, San Francisco, Monterey)
2 - ranchos
What was tallow used for?
to make soap and candles, to trade
Who was Juana Briones?
a woman who owned a large rancho, adopted six children
What are some animals and crops you’d find on a rancho?
cattle, horses, wheat, peas, beans, sheep, goats, corn, chickens, pigs
Fiesta is Spanish for
party
T or F - Married Mexican women could not own land.
F - they could
What is a criollo?
a person born of Spanish parents in Mexico (could not have the best jobs)
What is the definition of barter?
to trade one kind of item for another
Who was Pablo Vicente de Sola?
the last (?) Spanish governor of Alta, CA, who let leaders choose to accept Mexican rule
Cause: CA comes under Mexican rule.
3 effects?
1) US, Britain, Russian trade with CA
2) Missions were secularized
3) Most land goes to Californios, not Indians, who are not well off and do not have much land
4) land grants
5) CA seen as opportunity
Why was el Grito de Dolores an important event?
because it was a speech by Father Hidalgo that encouraged criollos, mestizos, and Indians to fight for freedom from Spanish rule
T or F - Spain was too busy fighting Mexico to pay much attention to Alta CA
T
Who gave a speech on Sept 16, 1810 encouraging Mexicans to fight for freedom from Spanish rule?
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
How were Indian workers paid on the ranchos?
NOT with money, just with food, clothes, and place to sleep
Who is Mariano Vallejo?
a wealthy rancher in northern CA who owned 175,000 acres
How long did the war (for Mexican independence) last?
11 years
What are some goods found on the rancho?
cattle, tallow, hides, horses, crops, leather, milk, meat
What is a reata?
a lasso, a slender woven cord about 80 feet long, made of very strong leather or strips of untanned hide
What happened to the mission Indians when the missions closed?
had nowhere to go, were promised land but got very little land, and unproductive old mares, had to find work on the ranchos
