Chapter 5 Trappers & Trailblazers Flashcards
What was the capital of Mexican California?
Monterey
What barrier did settlers coming into California have to cross?
hot deserts and steep mountains of the Sierra Nevada
Why is the Dominguez Rancho important?
Because the Californios won a fight, with Gillespie and Stockton and their soldiers
Where was the Bear Flag revolt? Why was it so short?
Sonoma, it was so short because America and Mexico were at war bringing an end to the Republic
Why did the fur trappers open new routes to California?
Because they were looking for pelted animals because they were rare to trap and sell
How did most settlers travel to California?
By ship, around the tip of South America
What was Jedidiah Strong Smith noted for doing?
Crossed the Sierra Nevada and led the first group over land across the Mojave Desert
Explain the term manifest destiny.
The idea that the United States should reach from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, from sea to shining sea
What was the result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
The United States paid 15 million dollars to Mexico in exchange for California and some other US states,
ending the Mexican American War, Californios became US citizens
Make a list of challenges the settlers traveling to California had to overcome.
long difficult trip, terrain with mountains and deserts, weather with cold winters in the mountains, hunger, thirst, poor maps and untested trails, and Mexicans want them out.
In 1826, I led 17 men on a trapping expedition. Our expedition left from the Great Salt Lake area. We headed southwest and eventually reached the Colorado River. Then we made our way across the Mojave Desert. I am _____
Jedediah Strong Smith
My father and I began an expedition in 1827. We were not welcome in California. We were put in jail. I was later freed, but my father died in jail. I am ____
James Ohio Pattie
My travels in the 1830s helped develop the old Spanish Trail. It ran from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to Southern California. I am _____
Ewing Young
I was the first American to cross the Sierra Nevada from the east. I found a pass through the mountains. The pass was later named after me. I am ____
Joseph Reddeford Walker
In 1850, I found a new pass through the northern Sierra Nevada. The pass was later named after me. I am _____
James Beckworth
T/F Settlers in California could own land only if they were American citizens
false
T/F: The idea that the United States should expand to reach from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean was known as the Polk Doctrine.
false
T/F: in 1845, President James K Polk offered Mexico 40 million dollars for what are now California, New Mexico, and Arizona.
True
T/F: The Mexican government was able to stop settlers from moving to California.
false
T/F: In 1846, a group of settlers from the United States marched into the town of San Francisco to take control of California away from Mexico.
false
T/F: Squatters had the same rights and protections as American citizens.
false
T/F: In a Republic, the people elect their own leaders.
True
T/F: Mariano Vallejo thought that California would be better off separated from Mexico.
True
T/F: A rebel is someone who fights against the government.
True
T/F: all Californios were in agreement about being ruled by Mexico.
false
T/F: All Californios were in agreement about being ruled by Mexico.
false
How does a fiction writer use facts and fiction in a historical story?
A fiction writer uses facts to teach history and fiction to make the history fun by adding dialogue, opinions, and emotions.
make a list of reasons of why Mexico lost control of California.
the government is weak, the economy is weak, Rancho owners are way too powerful, Americans are coming to California, capital is too far from Mexico, Mexican government can’t pay soldiers, there are rumors about Jose Castro, and some Americans wanted manifest destiny.
Why trappers headed west
looking for pelted animals
What happened as a result of Trapper’s heading west?
Overland routes were established
What did Jedediah Strong Smith do?
first person from the US to cross the Mojave Desert and Sierra Nevada by land August 1826
What happened to James and Sylvester Pattie?
jail
What is Ewing Young known for?
Old Spanish Trail
What is Joseph Walker known for?
crossed Sierra from East
When did early settlers from the US come to California?
1820s to 30s
What is Abel Stearns known for?
He was the largest landowner in Southern California
What is John Sutter known for?
built a fort in Sacramento, Sutter’s Fort
What did John Marsh do ?
inspired other pioneers
What is John Bidwell known for?
California Trail
What is John C Fremont known for?
explored, wrote California book
When did the Donner Party leave Missouri?
April 1846
How did the Donner Party come to California?
Wagon Train
What were reasons for manifest destiny, or American interest in California?
1 population was growing like crazy
2 more places to live and work
3 Trade going crazy, Control ports
What did John Fremont hope to do?
Take control of California
Who ordered Fremont to leave?
Jose Castro
When was the Bear Flag Revolt?
June 1846
Where was the bear flag revolt?
Sonoma
In the Bear Flag Revolt, they raised a flag to announce what?
The California Republic
In the bear flag revolt, they did not know that the United States was what?
Already at war with Mexico
What happened July 7th, 1846?
Sloat raises US flag
What happened to May 13th, 1846?
war
Why were the people of Los Angeles angry?
Gillespie made too harsh and strict of rules
What happened as a result of Gillespie’s rules?
some Californios rebelled
What was the outcome of the battle at the place Dominguez Rancho?
Californios won the fight there
What happened at San Pasqual?
Californios won the fight there
What happened January 10th, 1847?
Kearney + Commodore took control of LA
What happened as a result of the Treaty of Cahuenga?
ended fighting in California
what do you know about the Donner Party Expedition?
I know that 87 people were in the Donner Party, led by George and Jacob Donner, traveling from Missouri to California, who took Hastings unapproved route to California, but it took them an extra month to get to the Sierra Nevada, so half of them died of cold, but eventually after 3 months help arrived and took them to Sutter’s Fort.
make a list of reasons of why Mexico lost control of California.
the government is weak, the economy is weak, Rancho owners are way too powerful, Americans are coming to California, capital is too far from Mexico, Mexican government can’t pay soldiers, there are rumors about Jose Castro, and some Americans wanted manifest destiny.
why did some people think it was a good idea for California to join the United States?
because they admired their spirit(?)
what started the Mexican-American War?
Texas had won its independence from Mexico, but Mexico still considered it part of itself, so Mexico became angry when the US invited Texas to become a state.
Identify the location of Sutter’s Fort, and describe its importance to early settlers.
near a pass leading through the Sierra Nevada, the end of a journey by more and more American immigrants
More and more settlers, like the first wagon train led by ____ and Bidwell, and then the Donner party, headed to California in search of land.
Bartleson
More and more settlers, like the first wagon train led by Bartleson and _____, and then the Donner party, headed to California in search of land.
Bidwell
More and more settlers, like the first wagon train led by Bartleson and Bidwell, and then the Donner party, headed to California in search of _____.
land
Pioneer:
One of the first people to settle in a new land
The _____ party got stuck in the Sierra Nevada because they tried a new (but untested) route south of the Great Salt Lake that they read about in a book by Lansford Hastings. They were stuck in winter snowstorms for 3 months and about half died from cold and lack of food.
Donner
The Donner party got stuck in the _____ because they tried a new (but untested) route south of the Great Salt Lake that they read about in a book by Lansford Hastings. They were stuck in winter snowstorms for 3 months and about half died from cold and lack of food.
Sierra Nevada
The Donner party got stuck in the Sierra Nevada because they tried a new (but untested) route south of the _____ that they read about in a book by Lansford Hastings. They were stuck in winter snowstorms for 3 months and about half died from cold and lack of food.
Great Salt Lake
The Donner party got stuck in the Sierra Nevada because they tried a new (but untested) route south of the Great Salt Lake that they read about in a book by _____. They were stuck in winter snowstorms for 3 months and about half died from cold and lack of food.
Lansford Hastings
The Donner party got stuck in the Sierra Nevada because they tried a new (but untested) route south of the Great Salt Lake that they read about in a book by Lansford Hastings. They were stuck in winter snowstorms for _____ and about half died from cold and lack of food.
3 months
The Donner party got stuck in the Sierra Nevada because they tried a new (but untested) route south of the Great Salt Lake that they read about in a book by Lansford Hastings. They were stuck in winter snowstorms for 3 months and about ____ died from cold and lack of food.
half
The Donner party got stuck in the Sierra Nevada because they tried a new (but untested) route south of the Great Salt Lake that they read about in a book by Lansford Hastings. They were stuck in winter snowstorms for 3 months and about half died from _____ and _____.
cold and lack of food
What is a trailblazer?
someone who makes a new path for others to follow
Why did trappers from the United States head west to California? (2 things)
There was high demand, therefore high prices paid for beaver furs or pelts, but supply was running out in America, so they wanted to move west where there were more beaver to trap.
_____ was taken prisoner and adopted by Crow Indians and respected for his skill and leadership in battle. He discovered a new trail through the Sierra Nevada, while heading to California to trap animals.
James Beckwourth
James Beckwourth was taken prisoner and adopted by _____ and respected for his skill and leadership in battle. He discovered a new trail through the Sierra Nevada, while heading to California to trap animals.
Crow Indians
James Beckwourth was taken prisoner and adopted by Crow Indians and respected for his skill and leadership in _____. He discovered a new trail through the Sierra Nevada, while heading to California to trap animals.
battle
James Beckwourth was taken prisoner and adopted by Crow Indians and respected for his skill and leadership in battle. He discovered a new trail through the _____, while heading to California to trap animals.
Sierra Nevada
James Beckwourth was taken prisoner and adopted by Crow Indians and respected for his skill and leadership in battle. He discovered a new trail through the Sierra Nevada, while heading to California to _______.
trap animals
Jedediah Strong Smith traveled across the
___ into California. The governor of California, Echeandia, thought he was a spy and ordered him to leave. He returned to Utah traveling through the Sierra Nevada, as the first American to cross these mountains.
the Mojave Desert
Jedediah Strong Smith traveled across the
Mojave Desert into California. The governor of California, _____, thought he was a spy and ordered him to leave. He returned to Utah traveling through the Sierra Nevada, as the first American to cross these mountains.
Echeandia
Jedediah Strong Smith traveled across the
Mojave Desert into California. The governor of California, Echeandia, thought he was a spy and ordered him to leave. He returned to Utah traveling through the _____, as the first American to cross these mountains.
Sierra Nevada
_____ and his wife Jessie wrote a book about their travels to California, after exploring and making maps.
John Fremont
John Fremont and his wife _____ wrote a book about their travels to California, after exploring and making maps.
Jessie
John Fremont and his wife Jessie wrote a book about their travels to California, after exploring and making _____.
maps
_____ was the first to travel westward through the Sierra Nevada and found an opening between mountains, called a pass that was named for him.
Joseph Reddeford Walker
Joseph Reddeford Walker was the first to travel westward through the _____ and found an opening between mountains, called a pass, that was named for him.
Sierra Nevada
Joseph Reddeford Walker was the first to travel westward through the Sierra Nevada and found an opening between mountains, called a _____, that was named for him.
pass
Why did the Bear Flag Revolt take place?
because American settlers, triggered by a false rumor started by Fremont, rebelled against the Mexican government, fearing that Mexico would try to make them leave
Could American settlers in Mexico-controlled California own land?
only if they became Mexican citizens
Amerian settlers in Mexico-controlled California could not own land unless they _____.
became Mexican citizens
What president offered $40 million to Mexico in exchange for California, Arizona, and New Mexico?
James K Polk
For what 2-3 reasons did Americans want California?
1 more land and resources for a growing population (more places to live and work)
2 control of the Pacific Ocean ports for trade
Who really had the most power in California under the Mexican government, and why?
rancho owners, because they owned the land
Who did Californios think should govern California?
they were divided; some wanted Mexico, others the United States
What American explorer noticed Mexican control of California was weak, and came with 60 soldiers to try to take it over?
John C Fremont
What Mexican military leader ordered Fremont to leave?
Jose Castro
What powerful Mexican rancho admired the American settlers’ spirit?
Mariano Vallejo
______ spread a false rumor that Castro was going to make all American settlers leave.
John Fremont
Why did Fremont spread a false rumor that Castro would make Americans leave?
hoping to get them motivated to fight against Mexican rule
Who were the Osos?
American settlers who decided to rebel against the Mexican government in California
_______ agreed to give up control of Sonoma to the Osos.
Marinao Vallejo
General Castro sent 50 soldiers to fight the Osos to regain control of Sonoma at the Battle of _____, which was won by _____?
Olompali
rebels aka Osos aka Bear Flaggers
Who came back to California to help the Osos (aka Bear Flaggers)?
John Fremont
What ended the brief California Republic (Bear Flag)?
US ships arrived at Monterey, taking over
Disagreement over what started the Mexican-American War?
Texas had broken away from Mexico, but Mexico still wanted it, and was upset when US invited Texas to become a state
_____ took control of California for the US in the Mexican-American War. He sailed to ____ and put up an American flag.
John Sloat
Monterey
Many early settlers traveled to California by _______.
wagon train
