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Hunter's 4th Social Studies > Chapter 5 Trappers & Trailblazers > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Trappers & Trailblazers Flashcards

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Praxis (5004) - Elem. Ed: Social Studies flashcards
1
Q

What was the capital of Mexican California?

A

Monterey

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2
Q

What barrier did settlers coming into California have to cross?

A

hot deserts and steep mountains of the Sierra Nevada

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3
Q

Why is the Dominguez Rancho important?

A

Because the Californios won a fight, with Gillespie and Stockton and their soldiers

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4
Q

Where was the Bear Flag revolt? Why was it so short?

A

Sonoma, it was so short because America and Mexico were at war bringing an end to the Republic

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5
Q

Why did the fur trappers open new routes to California?

A

Because they were looking for pelted animals because they were rare to trap and sell

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6
Q

How did most settlers travel to California?

A

By ship, around the tip of South America

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7
Q

What was Jedidiah Strong Smith noted for doing?

A

Crossed the Sierra Nevada and led the first group over land across the Mojave Desert

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8
Q

Explain the term manifest destiny.

A

The idea that the United States should reach from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, from sea to shining sea

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9
Q

What was the result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

A

The United States paid 15 million dollars to Mexico in exchange for California and some other US states,
ending the Mexican American War, Californios became US citizens

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10
Q

Make a list of challenges the settlers traveling to California had to overcome.

A

long difficult trip, terrain with mountains and deserts, weather with cold winters in the mountains, hunger, thirst, poor maps and untested trails, and Mexicans want them out.

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11
Q

In 1826, I led 17 men on a trapping expedition. Our expedition left from the Great Salt Lake area. We headed southwest and eventually reached the Colorado River. Then we made our way across the Mojave Desert. I am _____

A

Jedediah Strong Smith

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12
Q

My father and I began an expedition in 1827. We were not welcome in California. We were put in jail. I was later freed, but my father died in jail. I am ____

A

James Ohio Pattie

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13
Q

My travels in the 1830s helped develop the old Spanish Trail. It ran from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to Southern California. I am _____

A

Ewing Young

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14
Q

I was the first American to cross the Sierra Nevada from the east. I found a pass through the mountains. The pass was later named after me. I am ____

A

Joseph Reddeford Walker

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15
Q

In 1850, I found a new pass through the northern Sierra Nevada. The pass was later named after me. I am _____

A

James Beckworth

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16
Q

T/F Settlers in California could own land only if they were American citizens

A

false

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17
Q

T/F: The idea that the United States should expand to reach from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean was known as the Polk Doctrine.

A

false

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18
Q

T/F: in 1845, President James K Polk offered Mexico 40 million dollars for what are now California, New Mexico, and Arizona.

A

True

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19
Q

T/F: The Mexican government was able to stop settlers from moving to California.

A

false

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20
Q

T/F: In 1846, a group of settlers from the United States marched into the town of San Francisco to take control of California away from Mexico.

A

false

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21
Q

T/F: Squatters had the same rights and protections as American citizens.

A

false

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22
Q

T/F: In a Republic, the people elect their own leaders.

A

True

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23
Q

T/F: Mariano Vallejo thought that California would be better off separated from Mexico.

A

True

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24
Q

T/F: A rebel is someone who fights against the government.

A

True

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25
Q

T/F: all Californios were in agreement about being ruled by Mexico.

A

false

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26
Q

T/F: All Californios were in agreement about being ruled by Mexico.

A

false

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27
Q

How does a fiction writer use facts and fiction in a historical story?

A

A fiction writer uses facts to teach history and fiction to make the history fun by adding dialogue, opinions, and emotions.

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28
Q

make a list of reasons of why Mexico lost control of California.

A

the government is weak, the economy is weak, Rancho owners are way too powerful, Americans are coming to California, capital is too far from Mexico, Mexican government can’t pay soldiers, there are rumors about Jose Castro, and some Americans wanted manifest destiny.

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29
Q

Why trappers headed west

A

looking for pelted animals

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30
Q

What happened as a result of Trapper’s heading west?

A

Overland routes were established

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31
Q

What did Jedediah Strong Smith do?

A

first person from the US to cross the Mojave Desert and Sierra Nevada by land August 1826

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32
Q

What happened to James and Sylvester Pattie?

A

jail

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33
Q

What is Ewing Young known for?

A

Old Spanish Trail

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34
Q

What is Joseph Walker known for?

A

crossed Sierra from East

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35
Q

When did early settlers from the US come to California?

A

1820s to 30s

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36
Q

What is Abel Stearns known for?

A

He was the largest landowner in Southern California

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37
Q

What is John Sutter known for?

A

built a fort in Sacramento, Sutter’s Fort

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38
Q

What did John Marsh do ?

A

inspired other pioneers

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39
Q

What is John Bidwell known for?

A

California Trail

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40
Q

What is John C Fremont known for?

A

explored, wrote California book

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41
Q

When did the Donner Party leave Missouri?

A

April 1846

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42
Q

How did the Donner Party come to California?

A

Wagon Train

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43
Q

What were reasons for manifest destiny, or American interest in California?

A

1 population was growing like crazy
2 more places to live and work
3 Trade going crazy, Control ports

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44
Q

What did John Fremont hope to do?

A

Take control of California

45
Q

Who ordered Fremont to leave?

A

Jose Castro

46
Q

When was the Bear Flag Revolt?

A

June 1846

47
Q

Where was the bear flag revolt?

A

Sonoma

48
Q

In the Bear Flag Revolt, they raised a flag to announce what?

A

The California Republic

49
Q

In the bear flag revolt, they did not know that the United States was what?

A

Already at war with Mexico

50
Q

What happened July 7th, 1846?

A

Sloat raises US flag

51
Q

What happened to May 13th, 1846?

A

war

52
Q

Why were the people of Los Angeles angry?

A

Gillespie made too harsh and strict of rules

53
Q

What happened as a result of Gillespie’s rules?

A

some Californios rebelled

54
Q

What was the outcome of the battle at the place Dominguez Rancho?

A

Californios won the fight there

55
Q

What happened at San Pasqual?

A

Californios won the fight there

56
Q

What happened January 10th, 1847?

A

Kearney + Commodore took control of LA

57
Q

What happened as a result of the Treaty of Cahuenga?

A

ended fighting in California

58
Q

what do you know about the Donner Party Expedition?

A

I know that 87 people were in the Donner Party, led by George and Jacob Donner, traveling from Missouri to California, who took Hastings unapproved route to California, but it took them an extra month to get to the Sierra Nevada, so half of them died of cold, but eventually after 3 months help arrived and took them to Sutter’s Fort.

59
Q

make a list of reasons of why Mexico lost control of California.

A

the government is weak, the economy is weak, Rancho owners are way too powerful, Americans are coming to California, capital is too far from Mexico, Mexican government can’t pay soldiers, there are rumors about Jose Castro, and some Americans wanted manifest destiny.

60
Q

why did some people think it was a good idea for California to join the United States?

A

because they admired their spirit(?)

61
Q

what started the Mexican-American War?

A

Texas had won its independence from Mexico, but Mexico still considered it part of itself, so Mexico became angry when the US invited Texas to become a state.

62
Q

Identify the location of Sutter’s Fort, and describe its importance to early settlers.

A

near a pass leading through the Sierra Nevada, the end of a journey by more and more American immigrants

63
Q

More and more settlers, like the first wagon train led by ____ and Bidwell, and then the Donner party, headed to California in search of land.

A

Bartleson

64
Q

More and more settlers, like the first wagon train led by Bartleson and _____, and then the Donner party, headed to California in search of land.

A

Bidwell

65
Q

More and more settlers, like the first wagon train led by Bartleson and Bidwell, and then the Donner party, headed to California in search of _____.

A

land

66
Q

Pioneer:

A

One of the first people to settle in a new land

67
Q

The _____ party got stuck in the Sierra Nevada because they tried a new (but untested) route south of the Great Salt Lake that they read about in a book by Lansford Hastings. They were stuck in winter snowstorms for 3 months and about half died from cold and lack of food.

A

Donner

68
Q

The Donner party got stuck in the _____ because they tried a new (but untested) route south of the Great Salt Lake that they read about in a book by Lansford Hastings. They were stuck in winter snowstorms for 3 months and about half died from cold and lack of food.

A

Sierra Nevada

69
Q

The Donner party got stuck in the Sierra Nevada because they tried a new (but untested) route south of the _____ that they read about in a book by Lansford Hastings. They were stuck in winter snowstorms for 3 months and about half died from cold and lack of food.

A

Great Salt Lake

70
Q

The Donner party got stuck in the Sierra Nevada because they tried a new (but untested) route south of the Great Salt Lake that they read about in a book by _____. They were stuck in winter snowstorms for 3 months and about half died from cold and lack of food.

A

Lansford Hastings

71
Q

The Donner party got stuck in the Sierra Nevada because they tried a new (but untested) route south of the Great Salt Lake that they read about in a book by Lansford Hastings. They were stuck in winter snowstorms for _____ and about half died from cold and lack of food.

A

3 months

72
Q

The Donner party got stuck in the Sierra Nevada because they tried a new (but untested) route south of the Great Salt Lake that they read about in a book by Lansford Hastings. They were stuck in winter snowstorms for 3 months and about ____ died from cold and lack of food.

A

half

73
Q

The Donner party got stuck in the Sierra Nevada because they tried a new (but untested) route south of the Great Salt Lake that they read about in a book by Lansford Hastings. They were stuck in winter snowstorms for 3 months and about half died from _____ and _____.

A

cold and lack of food

74
Q

What is a trailblazer?

A

someone who makes a new path for others to follow

75
Q

Why did trappers from the United States head west to California? (2 things)

A

There was high demand, therefore high prices paid for beaver furs or pelts, but supply was running out in America, so they wanted to move west where there were more beaver to trap.

76
Q

_____ was taken prisoner and adopted by Crow Indians and respected for his skill and leadership in battle. He discovered a new trail through the Sierra Nevada, while heading to California to trap animals.

A

James Beckwourth

77
Q

James Beckwourth was taken prisoner and adopted by _____ and respected for his skill and leadership in battle. He discovered a new trail through the Sierra Nevada, while heading to California to trap animals.

A

Crow Indians

78
Q

James Beckwourth was taken prisoner and adopted by Crow Indians and respected for his skill and leadership in _____. He discovered a new trail through the Sierra Nevada, while heading to California to trap animals.

A

battle

79
Q

James Beckwourth was taken prisoner and adopted by Crow Indians and respected for his skill and leadership in battle. He discovered a new trail through the _____, while heading to California to trap animals.

A

Sierra Nevada

80
Q

James Beckwourth was taken prisoner and adopted by Crow Indians and respected for his skill and leadership in battle. He discovered a new trail through the Sierra Nevada, while heading to California to _______.

A

trap animals

81
Q

Jedediah Strong Smith traveled across the
___ into California. The governor of California, Echeandia, thought he was a spy and ordered him to leave. He returned to Utah traveling through the Sierra Nevada, as the first American to cross these mountains.

A

the Mojave Desert

82
Q

Jedediah Strong Smith traveled across the
Mojave Desert into California. The governor of California, _____, thought he was a spy and ordered him to leave. He returned to Utah traveling through the Sierra Nevada, as the first American to cross these mountains.

A

Echeandia

83
Q

Jedediah Strong Smith traveled across the
Mojave Desert into California. The governor of California, Echeandia, thought he was a spy and ordered him to leave. He returned to Utah traveling through the _____, as the first American to cross these mountains.

A

Sierra Nevada

84
Q

_____ and his wife Jessie wrote a book about their travels to California, after exploring and making maps.

A

John Fremont

85
Q

John Fremont and his wife _____ wrote a book about their travels to California, after exploring and making maps.

A

Jessie

86
Q

John Fremont and his wife Jessie wrote a book about their travels to California, after exploring and making _____.

A

maps

87
Q

_____ was the first to travel westward through the Sierra Nevada and found an opening between mountains, called a pass that was named for him.

A

Joseph Reddeford Walker

88
Q

Joseph Reddeford Walker was the first to travel westward through the _____ and found an opening between mountains, called a pass, that was named for him.

A

Sierra Nevada

89
Q

Joseph Reddeford Walker was the first to travel westward through the Sierra Nevada and found an opening between mountains, called a _____, that was named for him.

A

pass

90
Q

Why did the Bear Flag Revolt take place?

A

because American settlers, triggered by a false rumor started by Fremont, rebelled against the Mexican government, fearing that Mexico would try to make them leave

91
Q

Could American settlers in Mexico-controlled California own land?

A

only if they became Mexican citizens

92
Q

Amerian settlers in Mexico-controlled California could not own land unless they _____.

A

became Mexican citizens

93
Q

What president offered $40 million to Mexico in exchange for California, Arizona, and New Mexico?

A

James K Polk

94
Q

For what 2-3 reasons did Americans want California?

A

1 more land and resources for a growing population (more places to live and work)
2 control of the Pacific Ocean ports for trade

95
Q

Who really had the most power in California under the Mexican government, and why?

A

rancho owners, because they owned the land

96
Q

Who did Californios think should govern California?

A

they were divided; some wanted Mexico, others the United States

97
Q

What American explorer noticed Mexican control of California was weak, and came with 60 soldiers to try to take it over?

A

John C Fremont

98
Q

What Mexican military leader ordered Fremont to leave?

A

Jose Castro

99
Q

What powerful Mexican rancho admired the American settlers’ spirit?

A

Mariano Vallejo

100
Q

______ spread a false rumor that Castro was going to make all American settlers leave.

A

John Fremont

101
Q

Why did Fremont spread a false rumor that Castro would make Americans leave?

A

hoping to get them motivated to fight against Mexican rule

102
Q

Who were the Osos?

A

American settlers who decided to rebel against the Mexican government in California

103
Q

_______ agreed to give up control of Sonoma to the Osos.

A

Marinao Vallejo

104
Q

General Castro sent 50 soldiers to fight the Osos to regain control of Sonoma at the Battle of _____, which was won by _____?

A

Olompali

rebels aka Osos aka Bear Flaggers

105
Q

Who came back to California to help the Osos (aka Bear Flaggers)?

A

John Fremont

106
Q

What ended the brief California Republic (Bear Flag)?

A

US ships arrived at Monterey, taking over

107
Q

Disagreement over what started the Mexican-American War?

A

Texas had broken away from Mexico, but Mexico still wanted it, and was upset when US invited Texas to become a state

108
Q

_____ took control of California for the US in the Mexican-American War. He sailed to ____ and put up an American flag.

A

John Sloat

Monterey

109
Q

Many early settlers traveled to California by _______.

A

wagon train

Hunter's 4th Social Studies (7 decks)

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