Social Studies Ch 3 Flashcards
What hardships did the Spanish settlers face in Alta California, by sea and by land?
By sea,
Alta means ______
high or upper
Cabrillo met the ______ tribe of Indians.
Chumash
Define conquistadors
“conquerors;” Spanish explorers who came to the Americas looking for riches and to convert native people to Christianity
Define economy
the way people in a place use resources to meet their needs
Define missionary
a person who teaches a religion to others
Define neophyte
Indians (on the missions) new to the Catholic faith
Define pueblo
a village for farming, to support communities of soldiers
Define: ocean currents
streams of water that move through the ocean
Define: presidio
forts to protect settlements
For what 3 reasons did Spanish explorers come to America?
1) riches like gold, 2) convert natives to Christianity, 3) shorter trade route to Asia
For what 3 reasons did Spanish explorers come to America?
1) riches like gold,
2) convert natives to Christianity,
3) shorter trade route to Asia
How many missions did Father Serra start?
9
In 1521, a conquistador named ______ attacked the Aztec Indians in Mexico.
Hernando Cortes
In 1542, ________ explored Alta California.
Juan Rodgriguez Cabrillo
Name 3 ways Indian life changed at the missions.
learned Christianity and Spanish way of life farming (instead of hunting and gathering) (became neophytes) had to wear (different) clothes ate 3 meals at regular times
Name 3 ways Indian life changed at the missions.
learned Christianity and Spanish way of life farming (instead of hunting and gathering) (became neophytes)
had to wear (different) clothes
ate 3 meals at regular times
Spanish ships called _______ crossed the Pacific Ocean, filled with ______ and returning with spices.
galleons
gold
T or F: Explorers discovered that the island northwest of New Spain was a peninsula, not an island.
True
T or F: France was Spain’s greatest rival for control of the Pacific coast of North America.
False - Russia
T or F; Most supplies were sent to Alto CA by sea because the land routes were too difficult.
True
T or F; Vizcaino claimed to have found a good harbor for a port in San Diego Bay.
False - Monterey Bay
T or F; Vizcaino claimed to have found a good harbor for a port in San Diego Bay.
False - Monterey Bay
The name California comes from ____ _____, the name of a book popular in Europe in the 1500s.
Queen Calafia
What 2 Spanish colonists led a group of settlers, priests, and Indians overland toward San Diego Bay?
Gaspar de Portola and Fernando Rivera y Moncada
What 2 Spanish explorers looked for good harbors in California?
Sebastian Rodriguez Cermeno and Sebastian Vizcaino
What English explorer attacked Spanish settlements in the Americas?
Sir Francis Drake
What Spanish priest began the first mission in Alta California, in San Diego?
Father Junipero Serra
What area did Cortes sail to, thinking it was an island?
Baja (lower) California
What city did Hernando Cortes build, as the capital of New Spain?
Mexico City
What city did Hernando Cortes tear down?
Tenochtitlan
What did Spanish do to encourage people to settle in pueblos?
By rewarding people with land, farming tools, animals, and money
What harbor did Vizcaino say was the “best port that could be desired”?
Monterey Bay
What hardships did the Spanish settlers face in Alta California, by sea and by land?
By sea, the wind and ocean currents made travel to Alta California difficult to stay on course. Land travel was hard because of mountains, heat, lack of grass and water, and lots of stones and thorns.
What is a colony?
A settlement ruled by a faraway government
What is he known for: Hernando Cortes?
Attacked Aztecs in Mexico and took their gold, silver, and jewels
What is he known for: Juan Batista de Anza?
tried a new route to Monterey
What is he known for: Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo?
Helped Spanish learn about Alta California
What is he known for: Junipero Serra?
founded nine missions
What is he known for: Sir Francis Drake?
attacked Spanish ships and took their gold
What is the difference between a primary and secondary source?
Primary is from someone who saw the event; secondary heard about it from a primary or other secondary source.
What is the term for explorers from Spain to the Americas?
conquistadors
What narrow waterway was believed to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans?
Strait of Anian
What other mission did Father Serra found?
Mission San Carlos Borromeo at Monterey/Carmel Valley
What was the name of the San Diego mission founded by Father Junipero Serra?
San Diego de Alcala
What were missions?
Religious settlements, run by missionaries to teach the native people the Catholic religion and Spanish language and culture (ways of life)
Where were the California missions located (3 things)? and why (for each)?
1 Along the coast - close to sea travel and trade
2 near Indian villages - to convert Indians and also get them to work
3 near fertile soil and water - to grow food needed to survive
Who searched for a new land route to Alta California in 1774?
Juan Batista de Anza
Who was the Spanish explorer who planned 4 expeditions to Alta California?
Jose de Galvez
Why did Europeans explore America (3 reasons)?
riches
convert native people to Christianity
shorter route to Asia
Why did Spain finally try to send colonies to Alta California, 150 years after their first claims?
Because the Russians and British were starting to trade and maybe colonize there too, so then the Spanish would have no one to defend their claim
Why did Spanish have difficulty getting people to move to the pueblos?
because it was a long hard trip to reach California from most parts of New Spain
Why did the explorers want to find a waterway through the Americas?
to make a shorter trip to trade with Asia
