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Edexcel A Level Psychology > Social Studies > Flashcards

Social Studies Flashcards

1
Q

Milgram Classic Study

Milgram Aim

A
  • Understand the behaviour of germans following orders to kill over 10 million people
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2
Q

Milgram Classic Study

Milgram Volunteer Sample

A
  • 40 Men
  • Ages 20-50
  • Volunteer sampling through newpaper adveritsement
  • Offered £4.50
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3
Q

Milgram Classic Study

Who were pps introduced to ?

A
  • Experimenter: ‘mild-mannered, likeable’
  • Confederate: introduced as another pps/a learner
  • Real pps were always the teacher
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4
Q

Milgram Classic Study

Milgram Procedure

A
  • Teacher told to shock the learner for every mistake on word test
  • Voltage increasing by 15 each time, fake shocks
  • Learner taken to a different room
  • Pps protested: told 4 prods (‘Please continue’, ‘Experiment requires that you continue’ etc)
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5
Q

Milgram Classic Study

Milgram Findings

A
  • 65% administered 450V shock
  • 100% administered 300V shock
  • Pps trembled, sweat, dug nails into skin,seizures (Moral strain)
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6
Q

Milgram Classic Study

Milgram Conclusion

A
  • Americans obedient to authority
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7
Q

Milgram Classic Study

Milgram: Variation 7

A
  • Instructions given over the phone to pps
  • Obedeince dropped, only 22.5% went to 450V
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8
Q

Milgram Classic Study

Milgram: Variation 10

A
  • Testing power of location
  • Moved study to a rundown office block
  • Same procedure, inclusing payment
  • Same volunteers
    -Obdeince dropped to 47.5%
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9
Q

Milgram Classic Study

Milgram: Variation 13

A
  • Experimenter explains procedure then gets called away
  • New confederate suggests taking voltage up by 15 each mistake instead of the suposed job ‘writing down times’
  • Obedience dropped to 20%
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10
Q

Milgram Classic Study

Milgram: Variation13a

A
  • Rebelled variation 13 pps moved into a ‘new study’
  • Confederate suggests swapping places, pps ‘writes down times’
  • Pps bystander watching confederate administrate shocks
  • All pps protested, trying to unplug shock generator
  • 68.75% obeyed
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11
Q

Milgram Classic Study

Milgram Proof of Autonomous State

A
  • 35% disobeyed 450V shocks
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12
Q

Milgram Classic Study

Milgram Proof of Moral Strain

A
  • 14pps nervous laughter
  • 3 seizures
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13
Q

Milgram Classic Study

Milgram Strength

Reliability

A

Reliability:
- Standard procedure - increased by 15V each time
- Same shocks/prods
- Experiment can be replicated to check consistent results

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14
Q

Milgram Classic Study

Milgram Strength

Internal Validity

A

Internal Validity:
- Milgram decieved pps on the aim (‘memory experiment’)
- Deception avoids demand characteristics
- Accurate data, they do not change behaviour

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15
Q

Milgram Classic Study

Milgram Weakness

Generalisability

A

Generalisability:
- 40 men, 20-50 aged, from New Haven USA
- Limited generalisability, does not include women or non western countries

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16
Q

Milgram Classic Study

Milgram Weakness

Ecological Validity

A

Ecological Validity:
- Task was artificial, no real shocks
- 65% obedience, does not represent real life obedience
- Not everyday occurence

17
Q

Milgram Classic Study

Milgram Strength

Application

A

Application:
- Demonstrates power of authority figure
- Proves agentic and autonomous state
- Useful in everyday society in policing,schools, etc.

18
Q

Milgram Classic Study

Milgram Strength/Weakness

Ethics

A

Ethics Strength:
- Volunteer sampling, there was consent and debrief of experiment
- Protection of pps
Ethics Weakness:
- Deception over aim/no fully informed consent
- 4 prods - no right to withdraw
- Guidelines broken

19
Q

Burger Contemporary Study

Burger Aim

A
  • Are Milgrams findings era bound
  • Is obedience effected by gender
  • Is obedience effected by personality traits (empathetic concern, desire for control)
20
Q

Burger Contemporary Study

Burger Sample

A
  • Volunteer Sampling
  • 70 adults, 29 men, 41 women
  • Aged 20-80
21
Q

Burger Contemporary Study

Burger Strength

Reliability

A

Relaibilty:
- Standardised procedure, replicate results easily
- #5 pre recorded grunts ‘starting to bother me now’
- #17 confederate teacher refused at 90V same for every pps = replicable

22
Q

Burger Contemporary Study

Burger Strength

Validity

A

Validity:
- Experiment effects controlled by giving authority figure a script for the prods, little variation in pps heard
- Deceived by the aim of experiment (‘memory test’), lower demand characteristics so no change in behaviour

23
Q

Burger Contemporary Study

Burger Weakness

Generalisabilty

A

Generalisability:
- Low population validity
- Not very representitive sample
- 70pps, 21M 49F
- Not representitve of other countries

24
Q

Burger Contemporary Study

Burger Weakness

Ecological Validity

A

Ecological Validity:
- Doesnt reflect everyday behaviour
- Pps shock learner, doesnt occur in everyday life
- Limited accuracy

Edexcel A Level Psychology (4 decks)

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