social studies Flashcards
what is the aim of sherif
do ingroups and outgroups competing lead to prejudice
can superordinate goals reduce prejudice
what is the sample of sherif
22 11-12 year old boys
from middle class Olkahoma
method of sherif
stage 1 : ingroup formation boys kept in two groups eagles and rattlers for 5-6 days doing group activities
stage 2 : friction phase boys compete against each other and are told about each other compete for penknives
stage 3 : integration phase given urgent natural situations where they have to work together e.g. bus breakdown (superordinate goals)
results of sherif
stage 2 - called each other names like sneak and refused contact with each other
stage 3 - actively seeking chances to spend time together 64% said had a friend in the other group compared to 36% after stage 2
conclusion of sherif
superordinate goals reduce prejudice
strenghts of sherif
natural environment of summer camp
boys unaware its a study
use recordings so can rewatch as many times as they want
weaknesses of sherif
androcentric and ethnocentric
field experiment as its a summer camp
what is the aim of cohrs
relationship between personality factors and prejudice
compare self and peer reports to see if they validate each other
what is the sample of cohrs
193 ps 12f female and 64 male all from germany aged 18-67
193 peers who knew participants
what is the method of cohrs
participants and peers answered a series of questionnaires to measure personality dimension about ocean
questionnaires included 12 item scale on right wing authoritarionism a social dominance orientation, prejudice for homosexuality, disability, foreigners
what are the results of cohrs
neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness scores were similar between peer and participant
participant rated themselves less rwo and sdo than peer rated them
participant scored themselves higher in openness than thir peer and lower on conscientiousness
what is the conclusion of cohrs
personality does correlate with prejudice and self and peer reports mainly match one and other
what was study 2
same but with 424 participants some with twin and peer and some with just peer
method and results the same
what are the strengths of cohrs
- questionnaires were standardized so all ps received same questionnaires more reliable
- cohrs did not disclose the details of the ratings in the study more ethical
- cohrs was able to test for validity by comparing the two ratings
what are the weaknesses of cohrs
- using closed questions and reting scales reduce validity of how well the results represent reason for prejudice
- ethnocentric as all from germany
- opportunity sample so ps may have shared characteristics as where all in same place at same time
