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SOCIAL STUDIES Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What did the Paleo-Indians cross into Alaska between 38,000 and 10,000 BC?

A

The Bering land bridge

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2
Q

The movement of people or animals from one region to another is called

A

Migration

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3
Q

A groups set of common values and traditions is known as

A

Culture

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4
Q

Many Native American what developed across America?

A

Societies

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5
Q

Many diverse Native American cultures developed across the different ?

A

Geographic regions of North America

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6
Q

What was price Henry the navigator responsible for

A

Advances that would make exploration more successful

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7
Q

What is a device that enables navigators to learn a ships location by charting the position of stars

A

astrolabe

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8
Q

What are ships that use triangular sails so ships can sail against the wind?

A

Caravals

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9
Q

What are 5 causes of the Sea Route to Asia?

A

1- financial backing from Prince Henry
2- new technology
3-curiosity
4-seeking trade with Asia for financial gain
5-converting people to Christianity

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10
Q

What are effects of sea route to Asia

A

1- discovery of the sea route
2-face to face contact with traders in distant lands
3- awareness of different cultures

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11
Q

Who’s crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe?

A

Ferdinand Magellean’s

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12
Q

What does the term circumnavigate mean?

A

To go all around the world

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13
Q

Who was a Spanish conquistador who led the destruction of the Aztec Empire?

A

Hernan Cortes

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14
Q

What is a document that gives permission to start a colony

A

A charter

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15
Q

Enslaved Africans were forced to endure what?

A

The middle passage which took them across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas

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16
Q

What is the term for having a natural resistance to common diseases

A

Immune

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17
Q

Who invented the printing press that helped spread the ideas of the Reformation

A

Johannes Gutenberg

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18
Q

Europeans wanted to find a water route from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean. This is called the

A

Northwest Passage

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19
Q

Who were reformers who protested some of the Catholic Churches practices?

A

Protestants

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20
Q

What are large farms that grew a lot of one crop

A

Plantations

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21
Q

the process by which plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas have been introduced from Europe, Asia, and Africa to the Americas and vice versa.

A

The Columbian Exchange

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22
Q

a religious reform movement that swept through Europe in the 1500s.

A

The Protest Reformation

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23
Q

Why did Europeans want to explore the world ?

A

They were searching for new land and new trade routes

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24
Q

What did Christopher Columbus’s voyages lead to?

A

New exchanges between Europe, Africa and the Americas

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25
Q

established a large empire in the Americas?

A

Spain

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26
Q

What was the first permanent settlement

A

Jamestown

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27
Q

Colonist who recieved free passage in exchange for working a certain amount of time?

A

Indentured servants

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28
Q

Who wanted to purify or reform the Anglican Church

A

Puritans

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29
Q

What was an agreement that the pilgrims made before landing in America?

A

The Mayflower Compact

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30
Q

What was the first law to support religious tolerance?

A

the Toleration Act of 1694.

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31
Q

Between 1630 and 1643, over 20,000 English men, women and children sailed to the new Massachusetts Bay Colony. This was known as the

A

Great Migration

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32
Q

What are staple crops?

A

The most important crops or crops that are continuously in demand

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33
Q

What was the sugar tax?

A

Taxing colonists on sugar and molasses

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34
Q

What did the Stamp act require?

A

The colonists had to buy a stamp or seal when buying paper items

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35
Q

What was the Townsend act?

A

The Townshend Acts. laws passed in 1767 that taxed goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea

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36
Q

What is the spreading of only one side of a story?

A

Propoganda

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37
Q

What is the term for remove or revoke?

A

Repeal

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38
Q

What are the four intolerable acts

A

1- Boston harbor was closed until the colonist paid for the tea
2- the governor decided when town meetings were held
3- British officials accused of crime were sent to Britain for trial
4- quartering act

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39
Q

What did the Committee of. Correspondence do?

A

They shared ideas and information about new British laws and ways to challenge them

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40
Q

What is a system of creating and maintaining wealth through trade?

A

Mercantilism

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41
Q

What is a system in which goods were traded amoung the americas Britain and Africa

A

Triangular trade

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42
Q

What spread the idea that reason and logic could improve society?

A

Enlightenment

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43
Q

What was a town meeting?

A

A political gathering where people make decisions on local issues

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44
Q

True or false? Despite a difficult beginning, the southern colonies soon flourished

A

TRUE

45
Q

Why did English colonists travel to New England?

A

To gain religious freedom

46
Q

True or false? People from one nation settled in the middle colonies?

A

False: people from many nations settled there

47
Q

True or false? The English colonies continued to grow despite many changes

A

TRUE

48
Q

What developed as the British government placed taxes on the colonies?

A

TENSION

49
Q

What was the term for those loyal to Britain

A

Loyalists

50
Q

What were the soldiers that were ready in a minutes notice?

A

Minutemen

51
Q

What did Thomas Paine do?

A

He wrote “ Common Sense” and the “Crisis “

52
Q

The pamphlet that influenced many colonists to support independence was called

A

“ common sense”

53
Q

Why was the battle of Saratoga important?

A

The patriots gained the support of France and SPain

54
Q

What was the last major battle of the American Revolution?

A

The battle of Yorktown

55
Q

What event finally convinced the British to negotiate with the Americans

A

The American victory at Yorktown

56
Q

According to the Declaration of Independence everyone has the right to

A

Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness

57
Q

What was the significance of the battle of Saratoga ?

A

It proved Americans can win and France became the official ally of the United States and gave America military support , then France declared war on Britain

58
Q

What was the Treaty of Paris?

A

the official peace treaty between the United States and Britain that ended the American Revolutionary War

59
Q

What is “The Crisis”

A

A series of pamphlets by Thomas Paine arguing for Independence from England

60
Q

What obstacles did patriot forces face in the war against Britain ?

A

They had little food, not enough soldiers and weapons, did not have enough clothing or supplies

61
Q

True or false? The war spread to the southern colonies where the British were finally defeated

A

TRUE

62
Q

What was A petition sent to the King by Congress where the delegates asked the King to stop using military force against the colonists so they could settle their differences with Parliament peacefully.

A

the Olive Branch petition

63
Q

What sparked protest in the colonies?

A

British efforts to raise taxes

64
Q

True or false : parliament passed laws to increase control of the colonies

A

TRUE

65
Q

What was valley forge?

A

The continental army’s settlement during the winter of 1777-1778. Soldiers lived in harsh conditions there . The had a lack of supplies, proper shelter, clothing and food.

66
Q

“ These are the times that try men’s souls” comes from

A

Thomas Paines, the Crisis

67
Q

At what battle did the American patriots finally defeat the British

A

The battle of Yorktown

68
Q

What is a set of basic principals and laws that states the powers and duties of the government

A

Constitution

69
Q

What does the term ratification mean?

A

Official approval

70
Q

What did Christopher Columbus’s voyages lead to?

A

NEw exchanges between Europe, Africa and the Americas

71
Q

What did the Columbian exchange start with?

A

Columbus’s explorations

72
Q

The columbian exchange was what?

A

When European explorers and settlers took plants and animals with them to the Americas and they also brought back a verity of new plants and animals to Europe, Asia and Africa

73
Q

Who were conquistadors?

A

Soldiers ( from Spain) who led military expeditions in the Americas

74
Q

What was the protest reformation?

A

A protest that began in small German towns but quickly spread through most of Europe.

75
Q

Protestants were?

A

Reformers who protested some of the Catholic church’s practices

76
Q

What was the northwest passage?

A

A water route through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean

77
Q

He searched for the northwest passage and landed in new found land

A

John Cabot

78
Q

What was Anne Hutchinson banished from?

A

The puritans

79
Q

Roger Williams founded what?

A

Rhode Island

80
Q

Thomas Hooker founded ?

A

Connecticut

81
Q

What are the New England Colonies

A

Maine, New Hampshire , Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut

82
Q

What are the Middle colonies?

A

New York , New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania

83
Q

What are the Southern Colonies?

A

Maryland, Virginia north carolina, South Carolina , Georgia

84
Q

Who were the pilgrims?

A

They led a group of puritan colonists who left England to go to Massachusetts in search of relegious freedom

85
Q

Who were quakers?

A

Quakers made up one of the largest religious groups in New Jersey . They supported equality of men and women and supported nonviolence and religious tolerance

86
Q

What was the House of Burgessess?

A

The second house of government . Its members were were elected by colonists. English colonists began to develop a form of representative government with elected legislative assemblies such as the House of Burgessess.

87
Q

What was the first continental congress?

A

n the early 1770s citizens of the 13 British colonies in North America were starting to rebel against Great Britain. A network of patriots, known as the Committees of Correspondence, called together the First Continental Congress to plan future action. They demanded rights and protested taxes but did not yet declare independence ( that happened once the revolutionary war had begun and the second continental congress demanded independence)

88
Q

What did the articles of confederation do?

A

Provided a framework for a national government

89
Q

What was the manga carta?

A

A document signed by King John in 1215 that made the king subject to law

90
Q

What did the English Bill of rights do?

A

Declared the supremacy of Parliment and limited the kings power

91
Q

What was Enlightenment?

A

By John Locke , use of logic and reason to make rules

92
Q

What is a constitution?

A

A set of basic principles and laws that states the powers and duties of the government

93
Q

The main ideas from all of the documents to create a new government that influenced the us goverment were:

A

-Rule of law
-People hold the power
-Limited government
-Constititional protection of rights
-Separation of powers
-Representative government
-separation of church and state

94
Q

Suffrage is?

A

The right to vote

95
Q

The articles of confederation said that:

A

Congress would become the single branch of the national government but would have limited powers in order to protect the liberties of people

96
Q

Ratification means

A

Official approval

97
Q

The land ordinance of 1785 set up a system for

A

Surveying and dividing western lands

98
Q

The northwest ordinance of 1787 established the ?

A

Northwest territory

99
Q

The northwest territory was?

A

Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio , Minnesota and wisconsin

100
Q

Interstate commerce was?

A

Trade between two or more states

101
Q

Shay’s rebellion was?

A

The uprising of farmers to protest the high taxes and heavy debt. This rebellion convinced many that the articles of confederation were weak. Many called for changes in the national government

102
Q

What were the weaknesses of the articles of confederation?

A
  • most power was held by the states
    -one branch of government
    -Legislative branch had few powers
    -no judicial system
  • no system of checks and balances
103
Q

A new constitution did what?

A

Provided a framework for a stronger national government

104
Q

The constitutional convention met to?

A

Improve the general vernment of the IS by improving the articles of confederation

105
Q

Key delegates at the convention were?

A

Ben Franklin, James Madison and George Washington

106
Q

Bicameral legislature means?

A

Made up of two houses: congress and the House of Representatives

107
Q

Numbers in both houses are based on?

A

Population

108
Q

Larger states would have

A

More representative

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