SOCIAL STUDIES Flashcards
What did the Paleo-Indians cross into Alaska between 38,000 and 10,000 BC?
The Bering land bridge
The movement of people or animals from one region to another is called
Migration
A groups set of common values and traditions is known as
Culture
Many Native American what developed across America?
Societies
Many diverse Native American cultures developed across the different ?
Geographic regions of North America
What was price Henry the navigator responsible for
Advances that would make exploration more successful
What is a device that enables navigators to learn a ships location by charting the position of stars
astrolabe
What are ships that use triangular sails so ships can sail against the wind?
Caravals
What are 5 causes of the Sea Route to Asia?
1- financial backing from Prince Henry
2- new technology
3-curiosity
4-seeking trade with Asia for financial gain
5-converting people to Christianity
What are effects of sea route to Asia
1- discovery of the sea route
2-face to face contact with traders in distant lands
3- awareness of different cultures
Who’s crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe?
Ferdinand Magellean’s
What does the term circumnavigate mean?
To go all around the world
Who was a Spanish conquistador who led the destruction of the Aztec Empire?
Hernan Cortes
What is a document that gives permission to start a colony
A charter
Enslaved Africans were forced to endure what?
The middle passage which took them across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas
What is the term for having a natural resistance to common diseases
Immune
Who invented the printing press that helped spread the ideas of the Reformation
Johannes Gutenberg
Europeans wanted to find a water route from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean. This is called the
Northwest Passage
Who were reformers who protested some of the Catholic Churches practices?
Protestants
What are large farms that grew a lot of one crop
Plantations
the process by which plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas have been introduced from Europe, Asia, and Africa to the Americas and vice versa.
The Columbian Exchange
a religious reform movement that swept through Europe in the 1500s.
The Protest Reformation
Why did Europeans want to explore the world ?
They were searching for new land and new trade routes
What did Christopher Columbus’s voyages lead to?
New exchanges between Europe, Africa and the Americas
established a large empire in the Americas?
Spain
What was the first permanent settlement
Jamestown
Colonist who recieved free passage in exchange for working a certain amount of time?
Indentured servants
Who wanted to purify or reform the Anglican Church
Puritans
What was an agreement that the pilgrims made before landing in America?
The Mayflower Compact
What was the first law to support religious tolerance?
the Toleration Act of 1694.
Between 1630 and 1643, over 20,000 English men, women and children sailed to the new Massachusetts Bay Colony. This was known as the
Great Migration
What are staple crops?
The most important crops or crops that are continuously in demand
What was the sugar tax?
Taxing colonists on sugar and molasses
What did the Stamp act require?
The colonists had to buy a stamp or seal when buying paper items
What was the Townsend act?
The Townshend Acts. laws passed in 1767 that taxed goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea
What is the spreading of only one side of a story?
Propoganda
What is the term for remove or revoke?
Repeal
What are the four intolerable acts
1- Boston harbor was closed until the colonist paid for the tea
2- the governor decided when town meetings were held
3- British officials accused of crime were sent to Britain for trial
4- quartering act
What did the Committee of. Correspondence do?
They shared ideas and information about new British laws and ways to challenge them
What is a system of creating and maintaining wealth through trade?
Mercantilism
What is a system in which goods were traded amoung the americas Britain and Africa
Triangular trade
What spread the idea that reason and logic could improve society?
Enlightenment
What was a town meeting?
A political gathering where people make decisions on local issues
True or false? Despite a difficult beginning, the southern colonies soon flourished
TRUE
Why did English colonists travel to New England?
To gain religious freedom
True or false? People from one nation settled in the middle colonies?
False: people from many nations settled there
True or false? The English colonies continued to grow despite many changes
TRUE
What developed as the British government placed taxes on the colonies?
TENSION
What was the term for those loyal to Britain
Loyalists
What were the soldiers that were ready in a minutes notice?
Minutemen
What did Thomas Paine do?
He wrote “ Common Sense” and the “Crisis “
The pamphlet that influenced many colonists to support independence was called
“ common sense”
Why was the battle of Saratoga important?
The patriots gained the support of France and SPain
What was the last major battle of the American Revolution?
The battle of Yorktown
What event finally convinced the British to negotiate with the Americans
The American victory at Yorktown
According to the Declaration of Independence everyone has the right to
Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness
What was the significance of the battle of Saratoga ?
It proved Americans can win and France became the official ally of the United States and gave America military support , then France declared war on Britain
What was the Treaty of Paris?
the official peace treaty between the United States and Britain that ended the American Revolutionary War
What is “The Crisis”
A series of pamphlets by Thomas Paine arguing for Independence from England
What obstacles did patriot forces face in the war against Britain ?
They had little food, not enough soldiers and weapons, did not have enough clothing or supplies
True or false? The war spread to the southern colonies where the British were finally defeated
TRUE
What was A petition sent to the King by Congress where the delegates asked the King to stop using military force against the colonists so they could settle their differences with Parliament peacefully.
the Olive Branch petition
What sparked protest in the colonies?
British efforts to raise taxes
True or false : parliament passed laws to increase control of the colonies
TRUE
What was valley forge?
The continental army’s settlement during the winter of 1777-1778. Soldiers lived in harsh conditions there . The had a lack of supplies, proper shelter, clothing and food.
“ These are the times that try men’s souls” comes from
Thomas Paines, the Crisis
At what battle did the American patriots finally defeat the British
The battle of Yorktown
What is a set of basic principals and laws that states the powers and duties of the government
Constitution
What does the term ratification mean?
Official approval
What did Christopher Columbus’s voyages lead to?
NEw exchanges between Europe, Africa and the Americas
What did the Columbian exchange start with?
Columbus’s explorations
The columbian exchange was what?
When European explorers and settlers took plants and animals with them to the Americas and they also brought back a verity of new plants and animals to Europe, Asia and Africa
Who were conquistadors?
Soldiers ( from Spain) who led military expeditions in the Americas
What was the protest reformation?
A protest that began in small German towns but quickly spread through most of Europe.
Protestants were?
Reformers who protested some of the Catholic church’s practices
What was the northwest passage?
A water route through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean
He searched for the northwest passage and landed in new found land
John Cabot
What was Anne Hutchinson banished from?
The puritans
Roger Williams founded what?
Rhode Island
Thomas Hooker founded ?
Connecticut
What are the New England Colonies
Maine, New Hampshire , Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut
What are the Middle colonies?
New York , New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania
What are the Southern Colonies?
Maryland, Virginia north carolina, South Carolina , Georgia
Who were the pilgrims?
They led a group of puritan colonists who left England to go to Massachusetts in search of relegious freedom
Who were quakers?
Quakers made up one of the largest religious groups in New Jersey . They supported equality of men and women and supported nonviolence and religious tolerance
What was the House of Burgessess?
The second house of government . Its members were were elected by colonists. English colonists began to develop a form of representative government with elected legislative assemblies such as the House of Burgessess.
What was the first continental congress?
n the early 1770s citizens of the 13 British colonies in North America were starting to rebel against Great Britain. A network of patriots, known as the Committees of Correspondence, called together the First Continental Congress to plan future action. They demanded rights and protested taxes but did not yet declare independence ( that happened once the revolutionary war had begun and the second continental congress demanded independence)
What did the articles of confederation do?
Provided a framework for a national government
What was the manga carta?
A document signed by King John in 1215 that made the king subject to law
What did the English Bill of rights do?
Declared the supremacy of Parliment and limited the kings power
What was Enlightenment?
By John Locke , use of logic and reason to make rules
What is a constitution?
A set of basic principles and laws that states the powers and duties of the government
The main ideas from all of the documents to create a new government that influenced the us goverment were:
-Rule of law
-People hold the power
-Limited government
-Constititional protection of rights
-Separation of powers
-Representative government
-separation of church and state
Suffrage is?
The right to vote
The articles of confederation said that:
Congress would become the single branch of the national government but would have limited powers in order to protect the liberties of people
Ratification means
Official approval
The land ordinance of 1785 set up a system for
Surveying and dividing western lands
The northwest ordinance of 1787 established the ?
Northwest territory
The northwest territory was?
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio , Minnesota and wisconsin
Interstate commerce was?
Trade between two or more states
Shay’s rebellion was?
The uprising of farmers to protest the high taxes and heavy debt. This rebellion convinced many that the articles of confederation were weak. Many called for changes in the national government
What were the weaknesses of the articles of confederation?
- most power was held by the states
-one branch of government
-Legislative branch had few powers
-no judicial system - no system of checks and balances
A new constitution did what?
Provided a framework for a stronger national government
The constitutional convention met to?
Improve the general vernment of the IS by improving the articles of confederation
Key delegates at the convention were?
Ben Franklin, James Madison and George Washington
Bicameral legislature means?
Made up of two houses: congress and the House of Representatives
Numbers in both houses are based on?
Population
Larger states would have
More representative
