Science/ Animals Flashcards
What is a cell?
The basic unit of structure and function in living things
What are the major functions of animals ?
-obtain food & oxygen
- keep internal conditions stable
-move
-reproduce
How are animals classified?
The are classified into groups called phyla
What are the levels of organization?
Cells form tissues
Tissues form organs
Organs combine to form a system
(Cells>tissues>organs>organ systems)
What is an adaptation?
Structures or behaviors that allow animals to perform basic functions in their environments
What gives animals raw materials for growth and energy?
Food
What is needed by body cells to release energy from food?
Oxygen
True or False? Most animals have a cavity inside their body where food is broken down into substances the body can use?
True
Why must animals maintain a stable environment within their bodies?
Becuase if they don’t maintain a stable environment they could not survive for long
What are most animal movements related to?
Obtaining food
True or false? Some animals don’t move from place to place?
TRUE
What is sexual reproduction?
The process by which a new organism develops from the joining of two sex cells- a male sperm cell and a female egg cell
The joining of an egg cell and a sperm cell is called
Fertilization
True or false? When a sperm cell and an egg cell unite the new individual Does NOT have any characteristics from either parent
FALSE
What is the process by which a single organism produces a new organism identical to itself?
Asexual reproduction
True or false? Asexual reproduction involves the joining of sex cells ?
FALSE
Biologist classify animals in the animal kingdom into about 35 major groups called. Each group is called a?
Phylum
True or false? Evidence suggest that all animals arose from single cell ancestors.
TRUE
What 3 things do biologists consider when they classify an animal?
A. Body structure
B. The way it develops
C. DNA
True or false? An animal that does not have a backbone is called a vertebrate?
FALSE, it is called an invertebrate
Which of the following is a vertebrate?
Bird, jellyfish, spider, crab?
BIRD
A group of several different tissues is called?
An organ
Animals are classified into major groups called?
Phyla
The joining of a sperm and egg cell is called?
Fertilization
What are the basic units of structure and function in living things?
Cells
What are structures or behaviors that allow animals to perform the basic functions in their environments?
Adaptations
An animal without a backbone is called a?
Invertebrate
The process by which a single organism produces a new organism identical to itself is called?
Asexual reproduction
What is the balanced arrangement of parts?
Symmetry
Because a butterfly can be divided into two halves that are mirror images of each other it has what?
Bilateral symmetry
Objects with many lines of symmetry that all go through a central point have what type of symmetry?
Radial symmetry
True or false : the simplest animals called sponges usually have no symmetry
TRUE
True or false: animals with radial symmetry have distinct front and back ends
FALSE
Do humans have bilateral symmetry?
YES
Which is more complex and larger? Animals with bilateral symmetry or animals with radial symmetry?
Bilateral
Does bilateral symmetry allow for a streamlined balanced body that moves quickly and efficiently?
YES
True or false? The sense organs of animals with bilateral symmetry have sense organs in the back end of their bodies?
FALSE. Animals with bilateral symmetry have sense organs which are located at the front end of their bodies
Which type of symmetry would a sea urchin have?
Radial
Does a sponge have symmetry?
No
What type of symmetry do a beaver and a frog have?
Bilateral
What type of symmetry does a sea star have?
Radial
What type of symmetry does an ant have?
Bilateral
If an animal has a head end and a tail end it has?
Bilateral symmetry
All animals with what type of symmetry live in water?
Radial symmetry
Animals with radial symmetry have many what?
Line of symmetry that does through a central point
Animals with bilateral symmetry have how many lines of symmetry?
ONE ( it divides them into two parts)
What are invertebrate animals that have no body symmetry and never have tissues or organs?
Sponges
Do sponges usually stay in one place?
Yes and they attach to hard surfaces
Jellyfish, sea anemones and corals are called?
Cnidarians
What do cnidarians use to capture food and defend themselves?
Stinging cells
Describe the body of a sponge
A hallow bag with a large opening and with many tiny pores covering its surface
Do sponges have body symmetry?
NO
Do sponges have tissues and organs?
NO
Compare sponges and cnidarians
Sponges- hallow bag with pores,
Cnidarian- radial symmetry bowl or vase shaped and their tentacles contain stinging cells.
Both types can have asexual reproduction called budding
Both can reproduce sexually
A network of what supports the bodies of sponges?
Spikes
Sponges reproduce asexually in a process called?
Budding
Is the following true or false? Sponges have separate sexes?
FALSE
What are cnidarians?
Invertebrates that have stinging cells and take food into a central body cavity
What are characteristics of polyps?
- mouth opens at top shaped like a vase
- they are attached to an underwater surface
- they have radial symmetry
Tell how a Medusa and a polyp are different
Polyp such as a sea anemone is shaped like a vase with mouth opening at top
A Medusa such as a jellyfish is shaped like a bowl with a mouth that opens downward
How does a cnidarian capture prey?
They use stinging cells to capture food . When the stinging cell touches prey the threadlike structure explodes out of the cell and into the prey. Then the tentacles pull the prey into its mouth
True or false? A jellyfish can not swim
FALSE
Do cnidarians use stinging cells to capture prey?
Yes
Do cnidarians take food into a central body cavity?
Yes
Are cnidarians able to move?
Yes
Do cnidarians expel indigents food through their mouth?
Yes
What are coral reefs built by?
Cnidarians
Do coral polyps produce hard stony skeletons around their soft bodies?
Yes
Are coral reefs limited in size?
NO
True or false? When coral polyps die, their skeletons break down to dust?
False their hard skeletons remain , the mounds of these skeletons form coral reefs
True or false? Coral reefs are home to more species of fish and invertebrates then any other environment on Earth
TRUE
Explain what function water performs for sponges
Water currents carry food and oxygen to them are take away their waste products .
How does a sponge defend itself?
It uses it’s spikes
What are the two methods of sponge reproduction?
Budding ( asexual reproduction) and
Sexual reproduction
What happens with budding I. Sponges? ( asexual reproduction)
New sponges grow from the sides of an adult sponge. Eventually the buds break free and begin life on their own
What happens in sexual reproduction in sponges?
The sperm cells are released into the water and enter another sponge and fertilize the egg cell
Identify two different body plans of cnidarians?
Medusa vs polyp
How do cnidarians reproduce?
Both sexually and asexually.
Budding is asexual .
What is a larva?
The immature form of an animal
What are the three main phyla of worms ?
Flatworms, roundworms and segmented worms
Do worms have bilateral symmetry?
Yes
Do worms have a brain?
Yes worms are the simplest animals to have a brain
How do worms reproduce?
Both asexually and sexually
List five characteristics shared by all worms
1- long narrow bodies without legs
2- bilateral symmetry
3- have tissues, organs and body systems
4- invertebrates
5- have head and tail ends
True or false? Worms do not have brains
False
True or false? Worms have sense organs in their heads ends to respond to food, mates and predators
TRUE
True or false? Worms can only reproduce sexually
False they can reproduce both sexually and asexually
True or false? In some work species each individual has both male and female sex organs
TRUE
An organism that lives inside or on another organism and takes its food from that organism is a
Parasite
True or false? A parasite has no effect on its host
FALSE
Where do free living flatworms live?
Gliding over rocks in ponds, slide over dame soil or they swim slowly through the oceans
Which two are characteristics or planarians?
A. Parasites
B . Scavenger
C. Herbivore
D. Predator
B and d
Scavengers and predators
What are free living organisms such as planarians?
Free living organisms do not live in or on other organisms
What does the term scavenger mean?
They live on dead or decaying material
What is a tapeworm ?
It is a parasitic flatworm
What happens through the worms anus?
Waste exits in the one way digestive system
What is a host?
An organism in or on which another organism gets its food from
What type of circulatory system do earthworms have?
A closed circulatory system
How must the earthworms keep their skin?
Moist
Are earthworms segmented worms?
Yes
Do roundworms have a two way digestive system?
No they have a one way digestive system
