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SCIENCE > Science/ Animals > Flashcards

Science/ Animals Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a cell?

A

The basic unit of structure and function in living things

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2
Q

What are the major functions of animals ?

A

-obtain food & oxygen
- keep internal conditions stable
-move
-reproduce

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3
Q

How are animals classified?

A

The are classified into groups called phyla

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4
Q

What are the levels of organization?

A

Cells form tissues
Tissues form organs
Organs combine to form a system
(Cells>tissues>organs>organ systems)

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5
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

Structures or behaviors that allow animals to perform basic functions in their environments

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6
Q

What gives animals raw materials for growth and energy?

A

Food

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7
Q

What is needed by body cells to release energy from food?

A

Oxygen

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8
Q

True or False? Most animals have a cavity inside their body where food is broken down into substances the body can use?

A

True

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9
Q

Why must animals maintain a stable environment within their bodies?

A

Becuase if they don’t maintain a stable environment they could not survive for long

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10
Q

What are most animal movements related to?

A

Obtaining food

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11
Q

True or false? Some animals don’t move from place to place?

A

TRUE

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12
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

The process by which a new organism develops from the joining of two sex cells- a male sperm cell and a female egg cell

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13
Q

The joining of an egg cell and a sperm cell is called

A

Fertilization

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14
Q

True or false? When a sperm cell and an egg cell unite the new individual Does NOT have any characteristics from either parent

A

FALSE

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15
Q

What is the process by which a single organism produces a new organism identical to itself?

A

Asexual reproduction

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16
Q

True or false? Asexual reproduction involves the joining of sex cells ?

A

FALSE

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17
Q

Biologist classify animals in the animal kingdom into about 35 major groups called. Each group is called a?

A

Phylum

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18
Q

True or false? Evidence suggest that all animals arose from single cell ancestors.

A

TRUE

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19
Q

What 3 things do biologists consider when they classify an animal?

A

A. Body structure
B. The way it develops
C. DNA

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20
Q

True or false? An animal that does not have a backbone is called a vertebrate?

A

FALSE, it is called an invertebrate

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21
Q

Which of the following is a vertebrate?
Bird, jellyfish, spider, crab?

A

BIRD

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22
Q

A group of several different tissues is called?

A

An organ

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23
Q

Animals are classified into major groups called?

A

Phyla

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24
Q

The joining of a sperm and egg cell is called?

A

Fertilization

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25
Q

What are the basic units of structure and function in living things?

A

Cells

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26
Q

What are structures or behaviors that allow animals to perform the basic functions in their environments?

A

Adaptations

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27
Q

An animal without a backbone is called a?

A

Invertebrate

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28
Q

The process by which a single organism produces a new organism identical to itself is called?

A

Asexual reproduction

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29
Q

What is the balanced arrangement of parts?

A

Symmetry

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30
Q

Because a butterfly can be divided into two halves that are mirror images of each other it has what?

A

Bilateral symmetry

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31
Q

Objects with many lines of symmetry that all go through a central point have what type of symmetry?

A

Radial symmetry

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32
Q

True or false : the simplest animals called sponges usually have no symmetry

A

TRUE

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33
Q

True or false: animals with radial symmetry have distinct front and back ends

A

FALSE

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34
Q

Do humans have bilateral symmetry?

A

YES

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35
Q

Which is more complex and larger? Animals with bilateral symmetry or animals with radial symmetry?

A

Bilateral

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36
Q

Does bilateral symmetry allow for a streamlined balanced body that moves quickly and efficiently?

A

YES

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37
Q

True or false? The sense organs of animals with bilateral symmetry have sense organs in the back end of their bodies?

A

FALSE. Animals with bilateral symmetry have sense organs which are located at the front end of their bodies

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38
Q

Which type of symmetry would a sea urchin have?

A

Radial

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39
Q

Does a sponge have symmetry?

A

No

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40
Q

What type of symmetry do a beaver and a frog have?

A

Bilateral

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41
Q

What type of symmetry does a sea star have?

A

Radial

42
Q

What type of symmetry does an ant have?

A

Bilateral

43
Q

If an animal has a head end and a tail end it has?

A

Bilateral symmetry

44
Q

All animals with what type of symmetry live in water?

A

Radial symmetry

45
Q

Animals with radial symmetry have many what?

A

Line of symmetry that does through a central point

46
Q

Animals with bilateral symmetry have how many lines of symmetry?

A

ONE ( it divides them into two parts)

47
Q

What are invertebrate animals that have no body symmetry and never have tissues or organs?

A

Sponges

48
Q

Do sponges usually stay in one place?

A

Yes and they attach to hard surfaces

49
Q

Jellyfish, sea anemones and corals are called?

A

Cnidarians

50
Q

What do cnidarians use to capture food and defend themselves?

A

Stinging cells

51
Q

Describe the body of a sponge

A

A hallow bag with a large opening and with many tiny pores covering its surface

52
Q

Do sponges have body symmetry?

A

NO

53
Q

Do sponges have tissues and organs?

A

NO

54
Q

Compare sponges and cnidarians

A

Sponges- hallow bag with pores,
Cnidarian- radial symmetry bowl or vase shaped and their tentacles contain stinging cells.
Both types can have asexual reproduction called budding
Both can reproduce sexually

55
Q

A network of what supports the bodies of sponges?

A

Spikes

56
Q

Sponges reproduce asexually in a process called?

A

Budding

57
Q

Is the following true or false? Sponges have separate sexes?

A

FALSE

58
Q

What are cnidarians?

A

Invertebrates that have stinging cells and take food into a central body cavity

59
Q

What are characteristics of polyps?

A
  • mouth opens at top shaped like a vase
  • they are attached to an underwater surface
  • they have radial symmetry
60
Q

Tell how a Medusa and a polyp are different

A

Polyp such as a sea anemone is shaped like a vase with mouth opening at top
A Medusa such as a jellyfish is shaped like a bowl with a mouth that opens downward

61
Q

How does a cnidarian capture prey?

A

They use stinging cells to capture food . When the stinging cell touches prey the threadlike structure explodes out of the cell and into the prey. Then the tentacles pull the prey into its mouth

62
Q

True or false? A jellyfish can not swim

A

FALSE

63
Q

Do cnidarians use stinging cells to capture prey?

A

Yes

64
Q

Do cnidarians take food into a central body cavity?

A

Yes

65
Q

Are cnidarians able to move?

A

Yes

66
Q

Do cnidarians expel indigents food through their mouth?

A

Yes

67
Q

What are coral reefs built by?

A

Cnidarians

68
Q

Do coral polyps produce hard stony skeletons around their soft bodies?

A

Yes

69
Q

Are coral reefs limited in size?

A

NO

70
Q

True or false? When coral polyps die, their skeletons break down to dust?

A

False their hard skeletons remain , the mounds of these skeletons form coral reefs

71
Q

True or false? Coral reefs are home to more species of fish and invertebrates then any other environment on Earth

A

TRUE

72
Q

Explain what function water performs for sponges

A

Water currents carry food and oxygen to them are take away their waste products .

73
Q

How does a sponge defend itself?

A

It uses it’s spikes

74
Q

What are the two methods of sponge reproduction?

A

Budding ( asexual reproduction) and
Sexual reproduction

75
Q

What happens with budding I. Sponges? ( asexual reproduction)

A

New sponges grow from the sides of an adult sponge. Eventually the buds break free and begin life on their own

76
Q

What happens in sexual reproduction in sponges?

A

The sperm cells are released into the water and enter another sponge and fertilize the egg cell

77
Q

Identify two different body plans of cnidarians?

A

Medusa vs polyp

78
Q

How do cnidarians reproduce?

A

Both sexually and asexually.
Budding is asexual .

79
Q

What is a larva?

A

The immature form of an animal

80
Q

What are the three main phyla of worms ?

A

Flatworms, roundworms and segmented worms

81
Q

Do worms have bilateral symmetry?

A

Yes

82
Q

Do worms have a brain?

A

Yes worms are the simplest animals to have a brain

83
Q

How do worms reproduce?

A

Both asexually and sexually

84
Q

List five characteristics shared by all worms

A

1- long narrow bodies without legs
2- bilateral symmetry
3- have tissues, organs and body systems
4- invertebrates
5- have head and tail ends

85
Q

True or false? Worms do not have brains

A

False

86
Q

True or false? Worms have sense organs in their heads ends to respond to food, mates and predators

A

TRUE

87
Q

True or false? Worms can only reproduce sexually

A

False they can reproduce both sexually and asexually

88
Q

True or false? In some work species each individual has both male and female sex organs

A

TRUE

89
Q

An organism that lives inside or on another organism and takes its food from that organism is a

A

Parasite

90
Q

True or false? A parasite has no effect on its host

A

FALSE

91
Q

Where do free living flatworms live?

A

Gliding over rocks in ponds, slide over dame soil or they swim slowly through the oceans

92
Q

Which two are characteristics or planarians?
A. Parasites
B . Scavenger
C. Herbivore
D. Predator

A

B and d
Scavengers and predators

93
Q

What are free living organisms such as planarians?

A

Free living organisms do not live in or on other organisms

94
Q

What does the term scavenger mean?

A

They live on dead or decaying material

95
Q

What is a tapeworm ?

A

It is a parasitic flatworm

96
Q

What happens through the worms anus?

A

Waste exits in the one way digestive system

97
Q

What is a host?

A

An organism in or on which another organism gets its food from

98
Q

What type of circulatory system do earthworms have?

A

A closed circulatory system

99
Q

How must the earthworms keep their skin?

A

Moist

100
Q

Are earthworms segmented worms?

A

Yes

101
Q

Do roundworms have a two way digestive system?

A

No they have a one way digestive system

SCIENCE (5 decks)

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