Social Studies Flashcards
What is barangay?
- Balangay: Boat
- Most basic unit of government
- Have territories, population, government, and sovereignty.
What is Datu?
- The chief executive, legislative, and judicial administrator of each barangay.
- Executes the law, and does judicial and legislative duties with his Council of Elders.
- It is passed on from father to his eldest son.
What is the social hierarchy in a barangay?
Nobles of elite - chiefs and families
Freemen or Maharlika
Slaves or dependents - low status due to inheritance
How does judicial processes before happen?
It is public with prompt decisions.
What is the economic life in barangays before?
Main focus is agriculture .
What is the religious beliefs in barangays before?
Mostly pagans and believed in Bathala and several gods.
What is umalohokan?
Town criers or public announcers. Responsible for making people aware of new laws.
What is olipon?
Alipin or slaves.
What is the Archipelago of St. Lazarus?
Philippines’ previous name.
Who is Miguel Lozez de Legaspi?
Had a bloom compact with Sikatuna, chieftain in Bohol, as a sign of friendship.
*Was also the one who made Manila as capital of the PH.
Economic Policies:
- What is taxation?
- What is forced labor?
- What is encomienda?
- Started with 8 reales. It was replaces with personal cedula.
- Males from 16 to 60 are required to render services to the government for days. They are paid through falla.
- Became the source of corruption because of the sharing of produce between workers and landowners.
What is the Galleon trade or Manila Acapulco Trade?
Trading of PH with China and Mexico.
What is encomienderos?
Collects taxes, protect and convert native to Catholicism.
What are the religious influences during the Spanish regime?
Christian.
From Augustinians – Franciscans – Jesuits – Dominicans — and Recollects.
*Education was controlled by friars.
Who is Narciso Claveria?
Issued a decree for Spanish family names to be adopted by the natives.
What is the oldest street, city, town, and province in the PH?
Colon Street – Cebu City – Unisan, Quezon, and —Aklan
Who and when was founded the Katipunan? And what does KKK mean?
Andres Bonifacio. Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangan na , Katipunan ng Bayan. July 7, 1892
What and who wrote the Republika ng Biak-na-Bato?
Written by Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer. Saligas Batas ng Biak-na-Bato.
Who is Aguinaldo’s adviser?
Apolinario Mabini, brains of the revolution.
When and where was the PH Independence?
June 12, 1898 in Kawit, Cavite.
Who wrote the national anthem and what band played them?
Written by Jose Palma and melody by Julian Felipe. Played by San Francisco de Malabon Marching Band.
Who is Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista?
Read the Acta de Independencia during the Independence of PH in Kawit Cavite,
Who sew the national flag during the declaration of independence?
Marcela Agoncillo
Where did the Spanish-American War started?
In Cuba.
What is the Treaty of Paris?
Made in December 10, 1898. Spain conceding to the US.
What was the incident at San Juan Bridge?
The reason that led to the Filipinos-American War.
Who is General Wesley Merrit?
Established the military government and exercised the powers of government until July 4, 1901.
What is the Benevolent Assimilation?
Proclaimed by President William McKinley that emphasized that Filipinos would be trained for self-government.
Who was appointed as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during the American reign?
Cayetano Arrelano.
What is Jones Law 1916?
The promise of independence to the Filipinos.
What is the Hare-Hawes Cutting Law?
A ten-year transition of independence to the PH and was amended into the Tydings-McDuffie Law.
When was the Japan Occupation in the PH?
May 6, 1942 to 1944
When did the Japanese surrendered and why?
August 6, 1945 when Hiroshima was bombed and August 9, 1945 at Nagasaki.
What is HUKBALAHAP?
Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon
A group of gerilyas led by Luis Taruc
What is the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Led by the Japanese that wanted all Asian countries to be united and developed.
What is the Death March?
Where surrendered soldiers walked from Mariveles, Bataan to San Fernando, Pampanga. Then, they rode a train going to Camp O’ Donnel in Capas, Tarlac.
Describe Manuel Roxas.
First president of the new republic.
Describe Elpidio Quirino.
Established LADESCO or Law Settlement and Development Corporation for landless farmers and Huk surrenders.
Describe Ramon Magsaysay.
Man of the Masses.
Promised to give the common people justice.
Established NARRA or the National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Administration
Describe Carlos P. Garcia.
Filipino First Policy and Austerity Program.
Favored Filipino businessmen over foreign ones.
Describe Diosdado Macapagal.
Signed the Agrarian Reform Law, Agricultural Land, and Reform Code that led to the abolition of tenancy.
Describe Ferdinand Marcos.
Promised to make PH “great again”
Declared Martial Law in September 21, 1972 under Proclamation No. 1081
Describe Corazon Aquino.
First woman to become president.
Restored democracy.
Framed and ratifies the 1987 Constitution
Describe Fidel Ramos.
Known for Philippines 2000 to make the PH an economically developed country.
Describe Joseph Estrada.
Known for “Erap para sa Mahirap” campaign
Flagship Jeep ni Erap
Describe Glorial Macapagal Arroyo.
Former VP of Erap
Describe Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III.
Won in the first ever automated election.
What are the three inherent powers of the state?
Police Power: regulate liberty and property
Power of Eminent Domain: gives state to forcibly acquire private property upon payment of just compensation
Power of Taxation: State can demand members their proportionate share or contribution to the maintenance of the government.
Under the system of government, what is the unitary system?
A central government that holds all legitimate power with little to no government autonomy tp local units.
Under the system of government, what is a federal state?
Government powers are divided between central and local government. There is an explicit sharing of power.
Under the system of government, what is confederation?
States delegate power to a supranational central government but retain their primary power.
Under the forms of government, what is a monarchy and its types?
A government rules by a single person by title or birthright.
- Absolute Monarch: The monarch exercises absolute power like executive, legislative, and judicial powers.
- Limited/Constitutional Monarch: delegates power to other bodies like legislative and judicial but keeps the executive powers.
Under the forms of government, what is dictatorship?
Controlled by a single person and giving people little to no freedom.
Rules by threat of force.
Under the forms of government, what is aristocracy and oligarchy?
Aristocracy: ruled by the best members of the community. Men with highest intelligence and integrity.
Oligarchy: Come from wealthy few but did not come from nobility.
Under the forms of government, democracy?
Guarantees freedom of speech, association, religion, and expression.
What is the majority rule and the minority rights under democracy?
Majority rule means majority of the citizens chose their leader.
Minority rights ensures that the minority openly attempts to win a majority support
Define the citizens, suffrage and electoral process, political parties, and interests groups under democracy?
Citizens: role is to make democracy effective by active participation
Suffrage and Electoral Process: right to choose their leaders and public officials.
Political Parties: group of officials or would-be officials who are in an organization
Interest groups: group of citizens whose goal is to ensure that the state follows.
In terms of the constitution, what is constitution of biak-na-bato?
- Written by Isabelo Artecho and Felix Ferrer
- Was written in Spanish and Tagalog
- Made in November 1, 1897 at Biak-na-Bato in San Miguel Del Mayumo, Bulacan.
In terms of the constitution, what is the Malolos Congress?
It was the first republican constitution in Asia.
It was created after the declaration of independence from Spain.
It was held in Malolos, Bulacan in 1899.
In terms of the constitution, what is the Acts of the United Congress?
It was during when the PH was under the territory of the US and was under jurisdiction of the federal government.
In terms of the constitution, what is the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916?
Also known as the Jones Law.
It is where the US explicitly says that they will remove their sovereignty powers over the PH once it is ready.
In terms of the constitution, what is the Commonwealth and Third Republic (1935)?
It is the original 1935 Philippine Constitution.
In terms of the constitution, what is the new society and the fourth republic (1973)?
Promulgated during Marcos’ declaration of Martial Law.
In terms of the constitution, what is the 1987 Constitution?
The constitution that established the Philippines as a Democratic and Republican State.
What is inalienable rights vs alienable rights?
Inalienable: Rights that are not transferred nor surrendered. It cannot be taken away and exchanged.
What is natural vs. legal rights?
Natural: Rights which are not contingent upon laws, customs, or beliefs.
Legal: Conveyed by a particular policy, law, customs, or beliefs.
What is perfect vs. imperfect rights?
Perfect: Things that we have the right to do, or can be fixed and determinate.
Imperfect: Things and actions are vague and indeterminate.
What are rights and obligations?
Rights are obligations for others. Persons are obligated to respect others’ rights.
What is Human Dignity?
Intrinsic worth of a human being.
The conceptual basis of human rights.
What is the Writ of Habeas Corpus?
“You have the body.”
Used to bring a prisoner or other detainee before the court to determine if the person’s imprisonment or detention is lawful.
Habeas Corpus: A person seeking relief from unlawful detention of himself or another person.
What is Writ of Amparo?
Remedy available to any person whose rights are violated or threatened with violation of unlawful act.
What is Writ of Habeas Data?
Remedy available to any person to which their right is threatened or violated by engaging in gathering, collecting, or storing of data.
What is Writ of Kalikasan?
Similar to Write of Habeas Corpus but addressing ecologic cases.
What is the third deepest point in the world?
Philippine Deep or Mindanao Trench.
What is the longest mountain range in the PH?
Sierra Madre.
What is the longest river in the PH?
Cagayan River.
What is the largest bay in the PH?
Laguna de Bay
What is the highest mountain in the PH?
Mount Apo.
What is a relief map?
Map showing the contours of the Earth’s surface by lines, hachures, shading, tint etc.
What is a political map?
Representing the political subdivisions of the world continent.
What is an economic map?
Phenomanal and activities which may include labor resources, actual resources etc.
What is a cooperative?
With a common bond of interest where people are willing to join together and give equal contributions to the capital required.
In the kinds of cooperative, what is credit cooperative?
Promotes thrift and savings.
In the kinds of cooperative, what is consumer cooperative?
procure and distribute commodities to the members.
In the kinds of cooperative, what is procedures cooperative?
Joint production of agricultural or industrial.
In the kinds of cooperative, what is service cooperative?
Engages in different services like medical, dental, hospitalization etc.
In the kinds of cooperative, what is a multi-purpose cooperative?
Combines two or more business activities from the different types of cooperatives.
What is microeconomics vs. macroeconomics?
Micro: examines the functioning of individual industries and behavior of individual businesses
Macro: examines the economic behavior – income, employment, output, and so on in national scale.
In terms of economic systems, what is a market system?
AKA laissez-fair or free market company.
In terms of economic systems, what is a command economy?
Answered by a central government or planning agency.
In terms of economic systems, what is a mixed economy?
A regulated market economy.
What is direct vs. indirect taxes?
Direct: Burden can’t be shifted and comes from wealth and income that are progressive and compulsory. (Immigration tax, income tax, residence tax)
Indirect: Can be shifted to third party, coming from expenditures and consumptions and are regressive in nature (VAT, EVAT)
What is the content of To my Fellow Youth (Sa Aking Kabata)?
Appeal to countrymen to love their own language.
What is the content of To the Filipino Youth (A La Juventud Filipina)?
Immortal message of love of country.
What is the content of Letter to the Young Women of Malolos?
Rizal voices out the conviction that women should think for themselves, educated, and be more active in public offices.
