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General Education > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

What is science?

A
  • Came from the Latin word “scientia” meaning KNOWLEDGE

* Systematic way of acquiring knowledge

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2
Q

What is zoology, biology, and botany?

A

Study of animals, life, and plant

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3
Q

What is helminthology?

A

Study of worms

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4
Q

What is herpetology?

A

Study of reptiles

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5
Q

What is ornithology?

A

Study of birds

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6
Q

What is bacteriology?

A

Study of bacteria

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7
Q

What is virology?

A

Study of virus

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8
Q

What is microbiology?

A

Study of microorganisms

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9
Q

What is ichtchyology?

A

Study of fishes

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10
Q

What is mycology?

A

Study of fungi

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11
Q

What is paleonthology?

A

Study of fossils and evidences of the past

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12
Q

What is pathology?

A

Study of diseases

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13
Q

What is cytology?

A

Study of cells

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14
Q

What is histology?

A

Study of tissues

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15
Q

What is genetics?

A

Study of genes

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16
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Study of classification and naming of organisms

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17
Q

What are the six kingdoms of living things? Then, describe.

A

AREUPROPLAANFU

Archaebacteria - ancient bacteria or prokaryotic (don’t have true nucleus), single-celled
Eubacteria - true bacteria (with true nucleus), single-celled
Protista - single-celled organisms with nuclei
Plantae - multicellular plants
Animalia - Largest Kingdom multi-cellular
Fungi - organisms that cannot manufacture own food

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18
Q

What is cell biology?

A

Study of the smallest unit in a living organism: cells.

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19
Q

What is a cell?

A

Discovered by Robert Hooke, it is the fundamental structure and function of life

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20
Q

What are the two types of cells and define them?

A

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

Prokaryotic is the simplest type and doesn’t have a true nucleus

Eukaryotic is more complex and has a true nucleus. Examples are plants, animals, and fungi.

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21
Q

In the parts of a cell, what is the plasma membrane?

A

Provides form and structure of the cell.

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22
Q

In the parts of a cell, what is a nucleus?

A

Control center of the cell and contains the chromosomes

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23
Q

In the parts of a cell, what is a cytoplasm?

A

It includes all of the materials outside the nucleus

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24
Q

In the parts of a cell, what is endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Connects all the cell membrane to the nucleus like a canal that transports materials

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25
Q

In the parts of a cell, what is a ribosome?

A

Tiny structures that manufactures proteins

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26
Q

In the parts of a cell, what is mitochondria?

A

It is the powerhouse of the cell.

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27
Q

In the parts of a cell, what is a lysosome?

A

Contains enzymes that breaks down the molecules for the cell

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28
Q

In the parts of a cell, what is cell wall?

A

Provides rigidity for the cells

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29
Q

In the cellular production or cell division, define the following terms:

Chromatin
Chromosomes
Chromatid
Centromere
Kinetochere
Homologous Chromosomes
A

Chromatin - uncoiled DNA
Chromosomes - contains the genes and DNA
Chromatid - identical chromosome or twin from the replication process
Centromere - area holding the two chromatids together
Kinetochere - two chromosomes are attached
Homologous Chromosomes - chromosomes that are similar in structure

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30
Q

In the cell division, describe what happens in mitosis?

A

Happens in four stages or PMAT of eukaryotic cells

Prophase - nucleoli disappears and chromatin starts to coil
Metaphase - chromosomes align in the center to form a metaphase plate
Anaphase - cell elongates and chromosomes split
Telophase - cleavage furrows and continues to deepen and then produces two daughter nuclei

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31
Q

In the cell division, what happens in meiosis?

A

It has two parts: Meiosis I and Meiosis II of sex cells and gives rise to FOUR daughter cells

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32
Q

In genetics, what is heredity?

A

Transmissions of genes from one generation to another

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33
Q

In genetics, what is genes?

A

Segments of DNAs that contain the code for a specific trait

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34
Q

In genetics, what is alleles?

A

The forms of a gene (ex. Tall allele /T/ or short allele /t/)

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35
Q

In genetics, what is genotype vs phenotype?

A

Genotype: actual makeup (GG, gg, Gg, gG)
Phenotype: physical appearance or trait

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36
Q

In genetics, what is a homozygous vs heterozygous genes?

A

Homo: genes that are morphologically alike
Hetero: genes that are morphologically different

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37
Q

In genetics, what is a genome?

A

Totality of all genotypes for all traits in an organism

38
Q

In genetics, what is a gene pool?

A

The sum total of all genotypes

39
Q

In genetics, what is chromosomes?

A

Bundle of DNA

40
Q

In genetics, what is an autosome?

A

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

41
Q

In genetics, what is a sex chromose?

A

X and Y. Male have X & Y. Female have XX.

42
Q

In genetics, what is a Punnett Square?

A

tool to predict the result in genetic crosses

43
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Theory of grouping and classifying of organisms

44
Q

What is the hierarchy of taxonomy?

A

KPCOFGS
Kanye Puts Coffee On Finn’s Grape Sauce

Kingdom
Phyla
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
45
Q

What are the different parts of a plant and describe them?

A

Roots - holds the plant in place and acts as an anchor. it also absorbs the nutrients

Stem: transports the nutrients to the leaves

Flowers: sexual organ of a plant

46
Q

In flowers, define the petal, stamen, and pistil?

A

Petal attracts the insects and birds in helping to disperse the pollens

Stamen: Male reproductive organ that manufactures the pollens

Pistil: Female reproductive organ that has a stigma that captures the pollen

47
Q

In seeds, what is a monocot and a dicot?

A

Monocot has one seed. Dicot has two.

48
Q

In the circulatory system, define the following terms:

Respiration
Nutrition
Waste Removal
Immunity
Cellular Communication
Thermoregulation
A

Respiration: delivers oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from cells

Nutrition: carries digested food substances to the cells of the body

Waste removal: disposes of waste products

Immunity: helps protect the body from diseases

Cellular communication - mode of transport of hormones

Thermoregulation - transports heat throughout the body

49
Q

What are the different parts of the circulatory system?

A

Heart - organ that pumps and regulate the flow of blood

Blood - circulating fluid and known as the river of life

Blood Vessels - has four kinds

  • Arteries: thick-wall carries the the blood away from heart
  • Capillaries: thinnest vessel where exchanging of materials happen
  • Veins: carry blood towards the heart
  • Valves: makes sure the blood moves in one direction
50
Q

What is the respiratory system?

A

Acquisition of oxygen and excretion of carbon dioxide.

51
Q

What is the digestive system?

A

Indigestion: intake of food
Digestion: physically and mechanically breakdown food
Absorption: absorbs the nutrients
Elimination: excretion of waste products

52
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

Takes charge of the nerve functions and impulses

Central Nervous: composed of brain and the spine
Peripheral Nervous: consisted of sensory neurons, clusters of neurons, and nerves

53
Q

What is the skeletal system?

A

It is the framework of the body and protects the vital organs

54
Q

What is the excretory system?

A

Has kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra

Kidneys: filter blood
Ureter: passageway of urine
Urinary Bladder: temporary storage of urine
Urethra: excretion of urine

55
Q

What is ecology?

A

Study of interactions of living and non-living organisms in their environment and with each other.

56
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

The community where living things and non-living things interact.

57
Q

What is a food chain?

A

A simple model of feeding relationship in an ecosystem.

58
Q

What is a food web?`

A

Shows interconnectedness of different food chains.

59
Q

What is an energy pyramid?

A

A picture that shows how energy is transferred from one trophic level to another.

60
Q

What is symbiosis and what are the three kinds?

A

Any close relationship between species.

Mutualism: both benefit from each other
Commensalism: One benefits while other is unharmed
Parasitism: One benefits while the other is harmed

61
Q

What is predation?

A

It is the interaction between a prey and a predator. Hunter and victim.

62
Q

What is the nebular hypothesis?

A

It is the formation of the solar system.

63
Q

What are asteroids?

A

Large chunks of matter that are irregular in shapes.

64
Q

What are meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites?

A

Meteoroids are stony or metallic particles around the sun. Meteors are when they enter the Earth’s atmosphere. Meteorites are when they have fallen into the ground.

65
Q

What are comets?

A

It possesses a tail and a nucleus that revolves around the sun in sharp and elliptical orbits.

66
Q

What are the three layers of the Earth and describe them?

A

Crust: Thinnest and outermost layer of the Earth
Continental Crust: makes up the continent
Oceanic Crust: Covered by the oceans and seas
Mantle: thickest and middle layer
Core: innermost part of the Earth
Outer core: like a liquid
Inner core: solid

67
Q

What are crustal plates/tectonic plates?

A

Rigid blocks of the Earth’s crust.

68
Q

What is a divergent boundary vs convergent boundary?

A

Divergent: two tectonic plates move away from each other
Convergent: two tectonic plates collide

69
Q

What is the subduction zone?

A

It is where one plate is pushed below another.

70
Q

What is the transform fault boundary?

A

It is where two plates slide passively each other.

71
Q

In earthquakes, what is focus vs epicenter?

A

Focus is where the earthquake originates.

Epicenter is the exact point above the focus.

72
Q

In earthquakes, what is intensity vs magnitude?

A

Intensity is the damage caused.

Magnitude is the amount of energy released.

73
Q

What is a seismograph?

A

A device that measure s the seismic waves caused by an earthquake.

74
Q

What is a volcano?

A

it is a mountain or hill that has an opening from its summit to the Earth’s interior.

75
Q

What is an active, dormant, and extinct volcanoes?

A

Active: erupted in the last 50 years
Dormant: sleeping volcano that can be awaken in the future
Extinct: will not erupt anymore

76
Q

Differentiate lava vs lahar vs magma

A

Lava - molten rocks outside the Earth’s surface
Lahar - type of mud flow composed from different debris
Magma - molten rocks inside the Earth’s surface

77
Q

Define the following terms: temperature, air pressure, humidity, and wind.

A

Temperature: Expresses the hotness or coldness of a place

Air pressure: measured by a barometer.

Humidity: amount of water or dampness in the air

Wind: the air moving across the earth’s surface caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere

78
Q

What are the layers of the atmosphere?

A

Troposphere Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere

Troposphere is where the weather occurs

79
Q

What is Isaac Newton’s three laws of motion?

A

1st Law: An object at rest will remain at rest or if in motion will maintain in motion

2nd Law: Force is directly proportional to the mass and acceleration

3rd Law: every force has an equal and opposite force

80
Q

What is gravity?

A

Acceleration coming from the center of the Earth

81
Q

What is friction?

A

Found between two objects that are in contact when they move

82
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy can beither be destroyed nor tranformed from one form to another

83
Q

What is heat?

A

It is the motion of particles in a substance

84
Q

Differentiate solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.

A

Solid: Definite shape and particles are packed very closely

Liquid: No definite shape and particles are neither too far or too close from each other.

Gas: Fills up the space of the container

Plasma: Forms when materials are energized and they ought to turn products into a plasma stat

85
Q

Differentiate conduction, convention, and radiation.

A

Conduction: heat moves from warmer areas to cooler areas

Convection: occurs in liquids and gases where the heat circulates and the temperature changes

Radiation: Occurs in gases and space where the earth’s surface absorbs the infrare radiation

86
Q

What is sound?

A

It is caused by vibrating objects

87
Q

Differentiate pitch, amplitude, and quality.

A

Pitch is the highness and lowness of the sound

Amplitude is the loudness of the sound

Quality tells what is the source of the sound

88
Q

What is Physics?

A

it is the study concerning the nature and properties of matter and energy

89
Q

What is Chemistry?

A

It is the study of elements and compounds.

90
Q

Differentiate elements, compounds, mixture, and solutions.

A

Elements: simplest form of matter

Compounds: combination of different elements

Mixture: the result of mixing two materials together that are heterogynous

Solutions: mixing of two materials that are homogenous

General Education (4 decks)

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