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MAT > Social Sciences > Flashcards

Social Sciences Flashcards

1
Q

Adler, Alfred

A

Austrian Psychiatrist; inferiority complex

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2
Q

Allison, Graham

A

American political scientist, has worked in decision making and is an important analyst of national security

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3
Q

Barzun, Jacques

A

American historian specializing in expression of culture like music, literature and education

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4
Q

Behaviorism

A

John Watson, BF Skinner, Ivan Pavlov. Behavior can be explained by environmental causes. Focus on classical and operant conditioning.

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5
Q

Benedict, Ruth

A

American Anthropologist; author of Patterns of Culture

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6
Q

Binet, Alfred & Simon, Theodore

A

French psychologists that developed IQ tests

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7
Q

Boas, Franz

A

German-American Anthropologist; Father of modern anthropology as he applied scientific method to his studies

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8
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

focuses on mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember and learn.
Stages of cognitive development theory by Jean Piaget. Other noteworthy: Albert Bandura, Daniel Kahneman, Steven Pinker, Daniel Schacter, and Robert Sternberg

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9
Q

Coleman, James

A

American Sociologist. “Social Capital”

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10
Q

Cultural Materialism

A

Attaches special importance to technology and economic factors in the development of society

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11
Q

Dewey, John

A

American educator/philosopher; pragmatism

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12
Q

DuBois, W.E.B.

A

American Sociologist and historian; racism

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13
Q

Durkheim, Emile

A

French Sociologist; modern father of.

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14
Q

Erikson, Erik

A

American Psychologist; Stage theory of development

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15
Q

Ferguson, Niall

A

Scottish historian specializing in financial and economic history

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16
Q

Friedman, Milton

A

American economist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in economics, opposed government regulation

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17
Q

Functionalism

A

Applies the scientific method to the examination of the social world and uses analogies between individual organizations and society.

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18
Q

Gall, Franz Joseph

A

German anatomist/physiologist: study of nervous system and brain, founded pseudoscience and phrenology.

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19
Q

Galton, Sir Francis

A

English Scientist; belief in heredity as predeterminant force, IQ tests

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20
Q

Geertz, Clifford

A

American anthropologist-symbolic anthropology-importance to thoughts

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21
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

Developed in Germany and Austria in the late 19th century. Belief that the conscious experience must be considered as a whole, rather than broken down into elements. The whole is greater than the sum of it’s parts.

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22
Q

Gibbon, Edward

A

English historian wrote The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

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23
Q

Goffman, Erving

A

American sociologist who studied social interaction

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24
Q

Greenspan, Alan

A

American economist; former chairman of the Federal Reserve

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25
Q

Harlow, Harry

A

American Psychologist-importance of attachment for baby monkeys

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26
Q

Heterodox economics

A

Economic schools of thought that are outside of mainstream economics.

27
Q

Horney, Karen

A

American Psychiatrist; importance of social and cultural influences on behavior.

28
Q

Huizinga, Johan

A

Dutch historian, one of the founders of modern cultural history

29
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

Developed in the 1950’s in response to both behaviorism and psychoanalysis. Focused on individual free-will, personal growth and self-actualization. Maslow and Rogers.

30
Q

Hume, David

A

Scottish philosopher; use of induction

31
Q

Huntington, samuel

A

American political scientist, famous for his theory “Clash of Civilizations”

32
Q

James, Williams

A

American philosopher; pragmatism, functionalism

33
Q

Jung, Carl

A

Swiss psychiatrist; Self-realization

34
Q

Kant, Immanuel

A

German Philosopher; proposed categorical imperative

35
Q

Keynes, John Maynard

A

British developer of of Keynesian economics, founder of modern theoretical macroeconomics

36
Q

Kohlberg, Lawerence

A

American psychologist; moral stages of development

37
Q

Kohler, Wolfgang

A

worked with chimps

38
Q

Krugman, Paul

A

American economist; won the nobel memorial prize in economic sciences: New Trade Theory

39
Q

Leibnitz, Gottfried

A

German philosopher/mathmatician: use of deduction

40
Q

Malinowski, Bronislaw

A

Polish anthropologist, pioneer in ethnographic fieldwork

41
Q

Malthus, Thomas

A

English demographer and political economist; noted potential for rapid population growth to be faster than food supply

42
Q

Mansfield, Harvey

A

American political scientist; conservative; author of Manliness

43
Q

Marx, Karl

A

German economist founder of communism

44
Q

Mill, John Stuart

A

English philosopher; used principle of utility

45
Q

Nye, Joseph

A

American political scientist; developed the concepts of asymmetrical and complex interdependence with Robert Keohane

46
Q

Parsons, Talcott

A

American sociologist; developed structural functionalism as a means of analyzing society

47
Q

Patterson, Orlando

A

American sociologist known for his work on race

48
Q

Pavlov, Ivan

A

Russian physiologist/psychologist; conditioning of reflexes, worked with dogs

49
Q

Pierce, Charles Sanders

A

American philosopher; pragmatist

50
Q

Piaget, Jean

A

Swiss psychologist; stage theory of intellectual development

51
Q

psychoanalisis

A

founded by sigmund freud. Human mind: Id, Ego, Super-Ego. Unconscious plays an important role in explaining behavior

52
Q

Sachs, Jeffrey

A

American economist; End of Poverty; special advisor to UN secretary- general Ban Ki-Moon

53
Q

Skinner, B.F.

A

American psychologist and behaviorist, studied effects of reinforcement on behavior, worked with rats and pigeons

54
Q

Smith, Adam

A

english, one of the founders of modern economics, The Wealth of Nations

55
Q

Strauss, Claude Levi

A

French anthropologist; Structural Anthropology, viewed culture as a system of symbolic communication

56
Q

Structuralism

A

Suggests that meaning is produced through practices and activities. The mind used binary opposites (day and night) that differ from culture to culture.

57
Q

Symbolic Interactionism

A

Sociology. People interact with each other by interpreting each other’s actions. Their interactions are therefore based on the meaning they attach to the actions.

58
Q

Thorndike, Edward

A

American. intelligence and IQ tests. Worked with cats

59
Q

Titchener, Edward

A

American psychologist; Structuralist

60
Q

von Ranke, Leopold

A

German historian considered one of the founding fathers of modern source-based theory

61
Q

Walzer, Michael

A

American political philosopher; just and unjust wars, economic justice and ethnicity

62
Q

Watson, John

A

American psychologist and behaviorist

63
Q

Weber, Max

A

German sociologist; argued in The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism that Protestantism influenced the development of capatilism

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