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Social Sciences Flashcards

1
Q

Adler, Alfred

A

Austrian Psychiatrist; inferiority complex

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2
Q

Allison, Graham

A

American political scientist, has worked in decision making and is an important analyst of national security

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3
Q

Barzun, Jacques

A

American historian specializing in expression of culture like music, literature and education

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4
Q

Behaviorism

A

John Watson, BF Skinner, Ivan Pavlov. Behavior can be explained by environmental causes. Focus on classical and operant conditioning.

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5
Q

Benedict, Ruth

A

American Anthropologist; author of Patterns of Culture

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6
Q

Binet, Alfred & Simon, Theodore

A

French psychologists that developed IQ tests

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7
Q

Boas, Franz

A

German-American Anthropologist; Father of modern anthropology as he applied scientific method to his studies

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8
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

focuses on mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember and learn.
Stages of cognitive development theory by Jean Piaget. Other noteworthy: Albert Bandura, Daniel Kahneman, Steven Pinker, Daniel Schacter, and Robert Sternberg

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9
Q

Coleman, James

A

American Sociologist. “Social Capital”

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10
Q

Cultural Materialism

A

Attaches special importance to technology and economic factors in the development of society

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11
Q

Dewey, John

A

American educator/philosopher; pragmatism

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12
Q

DuBois, W.E.B.

A

American Sociologist and historian; racism

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13
Q

Durkheim, Emile

A

French Sociologist; modern father of.

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14
Q

Erikson, Erik

A

American Psychologist; Stage theory of development

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15
Q

Ferguson, Niall

A

Scottish historian specializing in financial and economic history

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16
Q

Friedman, Milton

A

American economist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in economics, opposed government regulation

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17
Q

Functionalism

A

Applies the scientific method to the examination of the social world and uses analogies between individual organizations and society.

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18
Q

Gall, Franz Joseph

A

German anatomist/physiologist: study of nervous system and brain, founded pseudoscience and phrenology.

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19
Q

Galton, Sir Francis

A

English Scientist; belief in heredity as predeterminant force, IQ tests

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20
Q

Geertz, Clifford

A

American anthropologist-symbolic anthropology-importance to thoughts

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21
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

Developed in Germany and Austria in the late 19th century. Belief that the conscious experience must be considered as a whole, rather than broken down into elements. The whole is greater than the sum of it’s parts.

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22
Q

Gibbon, Edward

A

English historian wrote The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

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23
Q

Goffman, Erving

A

American sociologist who studied social interaction

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24
Q

Greenspan, Alan

A

American economist; former chairman of the Federal Reserve

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25
Harlow, Harry
American Psychologist-importance of attachment for baby monkeys
26
Heterodox economics
Economic schools of thought that are outside of mainstream economics.
27
Horney, Karen
American Psychiatrist; importance of social and cultural influences on behavior.
28
Huizinga, Johan
Dutch historian, one of the founders of modern cultural history
29
Humanistic Psychology
Developed in the 1950's in response to both behaviorism and psychoanalysis. Focused on individual free-will, personal growth and self-actualization. Maslow and Rogers.
30
Hume, David
Scottish philosopher; use of induction
31
Huntington, samuel
American political scientist, famous for his theory "Clash of Civilizations"
32
James, Williams
American philosopher; pragmatism, functionalism
33
Jung, Carl
Swiss psychiatrist; Self-realization
34
Kant, Immanuel
German Philosopher; proposed categorical imperative
35
Keynes, John Maynard
British developer of of Keynesian economics, founder of modern theoretical macroeconomics
36
Kohlberg, Lawerence
American psychologist; moral stages of development
37
Kohler, Wolfgang
worked with chimps
38
Krugman, Paul
American economist; won the nobel memorial prize in economic sciences: New Trade Theory
39
Leibnitz, Gottfried
German philosopher/mathmatician: use of deduction
40
Malinowski, Bronislaw
Polish anthropologist, pioneer in ethnographic fieldwork
41
Malthus, Thomas
English demographer and political economist; noted potential for rapid population growth to be faster than food supply
42
Mansfield, Harvey
American political scientist; conservative; author of Manliness
43
Marx, Karl
German economist founder of communism
44
Mill, John Stuart
English philosopher; used principle of utility
45
Nye, Joseph
American political scientist; developed the concepts of asymmetrical and complex interdependence with Robert Keohane
46
Parsons, Talcott
American sociologist; developed structural functionalism as a means of analyzing society
47
Patterson, Orlando
American sociologist known for his work on race
48
Pavlov, Ivan
Russian physiologist/psychologist; conditioning of reflexes, worked with dogs
49
Pierce, Charles Sanders
American philosopher; pragmatist
50
Piaget, Jean
Swiss psychologist; stage theory of intellectual development
51
psychoanalisis
founded by sigmund freud. Human mind: Id, Ego, Super-Ego. Unconscious plays an important role in explaining behavior
52
Sachs, Jeffrey
American economist; End of Poverty; special advisor to UN secretary- general Ban Ki-Moon
53
Skinner, B.F.
American psychologist and behaviorist, studied effects of reinforcement on behavior, worked with rats and pigeons
54
Smith, Adam
english, one of the founders of modern economics, The Wealth of Nations
55
Strauss, Claude Levi
French anthropologist; Structural Anthropology, viewed culture as a system of symbolic communication
56
Structuralism
Suggests that meaning is produced through practices and activities. The mind used binary opposites (day and night) that differ from culture to culture.
57
Symbolic Interactionism
Sociology. People interact with each other by interpreting each other's actions. Their interactions are therefore based on the meaning they attach to the actions.
58
Thorndike, Edward
American. intelligence and IQ tests. Worked with cats
59
Titchener, Edward
American psychologist; Structuralist
60
von Ranke, Leopold
German historian considered one of the founding fathers of modern source-based theory
61
Walzer, Michael
American political philosopher; just and unjust wars, economic justice and ethnicity
62
Watson, John
American psychologist and behaviorist
63
Weber, Max
German sociologist; argued in The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism that Protestantism influenced the development of capatilism

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