Social Roles

Question 1

Ages 18 to 25 is often called

Answer 1

emerging adulthood

Question 2

What does emerging adulthood mean?

Answer 2

many left the dependency of childhood but not yet assumed responsibilities of adulthood

Question 3

Why is this an important transition point?

Answer 3

new experiences, knowledge and skills. Ex: moving away from home to university

Question 4

What are 4 trends that have emerged for young adults in the 20th century? (4)

Answer 4

o Remain in parental home longer and more likely to return
o Financially independent more gradually and later
o Take longer to settle into occupational tracks
o More likely to have extended and part-time educational careers

Question 5

What are 3 ways young adults are delaying their development of independence?

Answer 5

o Much later marriages
o Later family formation
o Increasing proportion remain childless

Question 6

Historically, ethnic group, family SES and gender has differed the …

Answer 6

experience of becoming an adult

Question 7

Lower SES and rural residents tend to

Answer 7

complete these transitions earlier

Question 8

Why might Lower SES and rural residents complete these transitions earlier? (2)

Answer 8

lower SES may not have the financial ability to going to university,

rural residents may have more job opportunities that might not require a degree

Question 9

Why might women make these transitions sooner than men?

Answer 9

Their biological clock

Question 10

What are 4 typical markers of entry into adulthood?

Answer 10

o Stable residence (outside the parental home)
o School completion
o Career selection
o Marriage/long-time partner

Question 11

What are 4 subjective senses of attaining adulthood?

Answer 11

o Accepting responsibility
o Making independent decision
o Financially independent
o Becoming a parent

Question 12

What did Cohen’s study find about the number in school and the number of full/part time workers?

Answer 12

There is a general decrease in those in school as people age and there is a swap from part time to full time work around the age of 19

Question 13

What does SES differences have on likelihood of being in school?

Answer 13

Higher SES are twice as likely to be in school

Question 14

Those with low SES are entering the important milestone a lot

Answer 14

younger than those with high SES

Question 15

Looking at projection graphs, at age 17 most are in school but…

Answer 15

it doesn’t take long for those groups to separate and those with low SES are finishing school much earlier

Question 16

Women live in their own residents separate from their families …

Answer 16

earlier than men. Might be due to the burden of caring for children falling on women and that women tend to marry older men

Question 17

Give the order of financial independence highest to lowest

Answer 17

Highest independence is men from with low SES, then men & women from high SES and then women with low SES

Question 18

Why might women from low SES reach financial independence the slowest?

Answer 18

Pay equity, childcare, taking time off to have kids

Question 19

Explain the trends in terms of finding a long term partner?

Answer 19

Women from low SES are getting married quickest, followed by those women who are high SES, then men from either

Question 20

Explain the trends for having children?

Answer 20

Low SES women have children much earlier than anyone, women from high SES are behaving the same as men in low SES, men with high SES are the latest

Question 21

Give 4 ways the role of spouse is changing

Answer 21

o Increasing age at first marriage
o Decreasing marriage rate
o Increasing cohabitation rate
o % of married women has been dropping over 40 years

Question 22

What did the national longitudinal mortality study find about whether marriage is good for you ? (3)

Answer 22

1. Significant increase in relative risk (RR) of mortality for non-married groups
2. Older had smaller RR than younger
   - The role/benefits of marriage are more profound when you’re younger
3. No difference between men & women who were widowed or never married

Question 23

Explain the theoretical account of marital self-selection

Answer 23

healthier people get married and stay married, whereas less healthy people either do not marry or are more likely to become separated, divorced or widowed BUT doesn’t really make sense though because lower income countries have people getting married younger and have more kids

Question 24

Explain the theoretical account of marital protection

Answer 24

married people have more advantages in terms of economic resources, social and psychological support, and support for healthy lifestyles
- Encourage you to eat better, exercise or go see a doctor if you’re acting different

Question 25

Schoenborn (2004) found regardless of demographic subgroups, married adults were…

Answer 25

healthier than non-married adults

Question 26

Did the difference of married adults being healthier persist across the following:
	Fair or poor health 
	Limitations in activities 
	Back pain 
	Headaches 
	Psychological distress
	Smoking 
	Physical activity

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

based on subjective reports, married people are saying…

Answer 27

they are healthier

Question 28

What is an explanation for the finding that in the younger group those fairing the worse are those who were widowed or divorced?

Answer 28

So married is good for your health, but losing that you fair worse than never have being married

Question 29

What did Wickrama find about intraindividual changes in marital quality and physical illness?

Answer 29

Inter-individual change in marital quality significantly associated with inter-individual change in physical illness

i.e., improvement in marital quality associated with decline in physical illness

Question 30

What else did Wickrama find about marital quality and psychological WB?

Answer 30

there is a change in marital quality associated with changes in psychological well-being