Real World Cognition

Question 1

what % of people over the age of 65 drive?

Answer 1

50%

Question 2

10% os US drivers are age

Answer 2

70 +

Question 3

Very old drivers (80+) are the most likely to (2):

Answer 3

1. the most likely age group to be involved in accidents

2. the most likely age group to die in accidents

Question 4

When we compare young adults to very old adults what is the difference in the number of accidents and death?

Answer 4

the younger group is in far more accidents than elderly but there is more death when elderly people are involved

Question 5

Older adults tend to have the most trouble at _______ because there is more _______ & ______ demand.

Answer 5

intersections because there is more cognitive and sensory demand

Question 6

What are the primary errors associated with younger adults?

Answer 6

excessive speed

Question 7

What are the primary errors associated with older adults? Which are ?

Answer 7

Right of way violations, traffic signal errors, left turns. Seems to point to decision points, where there is cognitive and attentional demands

Question 8

Therefore, young drivers cause accidents because of their _______ whereas older drivers cause accidents because of their _____

Answer 8

1. risky driving behavior

2. errors of perceptions or judgement

Question 9

What are 4 accident predictors for older

Answer 9

1. poor health
2. use of medications
3. sensory decline (visual acuity/light&dark adaptation)
4. Cognitive declines (useful field of view) UFOV

Question 10

What is the UFOV?

Answer 10

How well you can attend to things in your focal vision and your peripheral vision

Question 11

UFOV is an extremely good predictor of…

Answer 11

driving behavior - even better than sensory perception

Question 12

Explain how you would test UFOV

Answer 12

Subtest 1:
Identify central target

Subtest 2
Identify central target
Locate peripheral target

Subtest 3
Ditto, except peripheral target is filled with distractions. So you have to selectively attend to a target object in your periphery with lots of distractions

Subtest 4
Central target identification is more difficult

The lower the score the better

Question 13

Accident victims with UFOV?

Answer 13

• “Came out of nowhere”
• Poor visual search
• Difficulty dividing attention

Question 14

What did Sims (2000) find in his longitudinal study was the best predictor of accidents in participants over age 55

Answer 14

a 40% reduction in UFOV

Question 15

What is a better predictor for accidents over the age of 55? age or UFOV?

Answer 15

UFOV

Question 16

UFOV impairment increases with

Answer 16

age

Question 17

What 2 things does UFOV reflect?

Answer 17

sensory integrity and cognitive processing

Question 18

What did fiorentino (2008) say about cognitive abilities and UFOV ?

Answer 18

Say cognitive abilities are related to UFOV, outweighing sensory perception

Question 19

What did Atrchley & Dressel (2004) find about divided attention and UFOV?

Answer 19

when completing the UFOV task either in isolation or when being distracted by a spoken word they were significantly faster at the UFOV task when their sole focus was on that.

Question 20

What is worse? bluetooth or passengers?

Answer 20

 Passengers understand breaks in the conversation

 Bluetooth is helpful but it doesn’t get to the root issue