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PSY 120H > Social Psychology (CH 14) > Flashcards

Social Psychology (CH 14) Flashcards

1
Q

Social psychology

A

how people think about, influence, relate to other people

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2
Q

Social cognition

A

how people use cognitive processes= perception, memory, thought, emotion= help make sense of other people as well as themselves

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3
Q

Physical appearance

A
  • One of the most powerful determinants= forms the impression about how trustful a person might be b/c of their face= takes 50 ms to determine
  • Increased attractiveness= increased intelligence/ better adjusted/ healthier/ more inclined to be successful
  • impression is formed with available info
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4
Q

Social schemas

A

General knowledge structure stored in long-term memory= relates to social experiences/ people= once schema is categorized, it directs you to alter behavior

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5
Q

Stereotypes

A

Social schemas that revolve around traits & behavior of groups & their members= race, age, sexuality

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6
Q

Prototype theory of stereotypes

A

Assume we store abstract representations of typical features of groups; we judge individuals based on their similarity to the prototype

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7
Q

Exemplar theory of stereotypes

A

Assume we store memories of particular individuals (exemplars) & these memories form the basis of stereotypes

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8
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecies

A

Conditions= our expectations about the actions of another person actually lead that person to behave in an expected way
can be positive or negative

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9
Q

Prejudice

A

Positive or negative evaluation or a group & its members

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10
Q

Discrimination

A

Those beliefs lead to behaviors that are directed against members of a group

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11
Q

Explicit prejudice

A

Refers to negative attitudes about a group that are consciously endorsed

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12
Q

Implicit prejudice

A

Prejudical thoughts that come to mind unintentionally & may not be consciously recognized/ controlled

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13
Q

Attributions

A

Inference processes people use to assign cause & effect to behavior

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14
Q

Covertion model of attribution

A

factor that covaries (happens) at the same time with behavior

  • high consistency + high distinctiveness + high consensus= external attribution
  • high consistency + low distinctiveness + low consensus= internal attribution
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15
Q

External attribution

A

Attributing the cause of a person’s behavior to external event/ the enviornment

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16
Q

Internal attribution

A

Attributing the cause of a person’s behavior to internal personality trait/ disposition

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17
Q

Fundamental attribution error

correspondence bias

A

When people seek to interpret someone else’s behavior, they tend to overestimate the influence of internal personal factors & underestimate the role of situational factors

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18
Q

Actor-observer effect

A

Tendency to attribute our own behavior to external sources but to attribute the behavior of others to internal forces

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19
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Tendency to make internal attributions about one’s own behavior when outcome is positive & to blame the situation when ones behavior leads to negative
( A+ on a test= im smart!, F on a test= this teacher doesn’t like me smh)

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20
Q

Attitude

A

Positive or negative which in turn predisposes us to act in certain ways; attributes are broken down into cognitive, affective, behavioral components
Defensive function= protects people’s basic beliefs about themselves & others

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21
Q

Cognitive component

A

1st component of attitude= represents what people know/believe about the object of their attitude

22
Q

Affective component

A

2nd component of attitude= made up of feelings that object/event produces

23
Q

Behavioral component

A

3rd component of attitude= predisposition to act in a certain way

24
Q

Dissonance theory

A

Internal tension (dissonance) results from acting in ways inconsistent w/ beliefs

25
Q

Self-perception theory

A

Idea that we are active observers of our own behavior= we learn from behavior & use our actions as a basis for interring internal beliefs
behavior is observed & attitudes follow that behavior

26
Q

Foot-in-the-door technique

A

Accepting to sign a petition or a small thing makes you 3x more likely to allow to do something bigger like a bigger sign on your lawn

27
Q

Low-balling technique

A

Salesperson lowering your resistance to buy something by making you think you’re getting a better deal by buying something else

28
Q

Elaboration likelihood technique

A

2 primary routes of persuasion

  • central= focus attention to message
  • peripheral= unmotivated to process message
29
Q

Source characteristics

A

Features of the person who is presenting a persuasive message such as his/her attractiveness/power/fame

30
Q

Heuristics

A

processing shortcuts

31
Q

Social interference

A

Impairment in performance that is sometimes found when an individual performs in the presence of others

32
Q

Social facilitation

A

Enhancement in performance that is sometimes found when an individual performs in the presence of others

33
Q

Altruism

A

Acting in a way that shows unselfish concern for the welfare of others

34
Q

Reciprocal altruism

A

Expecting to be repaid when we do good for others

35
Q

Bystander effect

A

The reluctance to come to aid a person in need when other people are present

36
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

Idea that when people know/think other people are present in a situation, they allow their sense of responsibility for action to diffuse/spread out widely among those who are present

37
Q

Power of the group

A

Made up of 3 sections= Social loafing, deindividuation, conformity

38
Q

Social-loafing

A

section 1 of power of group: put out less effort when working in a group compared to when working alone

39
Q

Deindividuation

A

section 2 of power of group: Loss of individuality/ depersonalization that comes from being in a group

40
Q

Conformity

A

section 3 of power of group: tendancy to comply with the wishes of the group=their opinions, feelings, & behaviors start to move towards group norm

41
Q

In-group

A

Group of individuals w/ whom one shares features in common or w/ whom one identifies

42
Q

Ostracism

A

When one is excluded & ignored by other members of the group

43
Q

Group-decision making

A

2 characteristics= group polarization & group think

44
Q

Group polarization

A

The tendancy for a group’s dominent point of view to become stronger & more extreme with time

45
Q

Groupthink

A

The tendency for members of a group to be so interested in seeking a consensus of opinion that they start to ignore/suppress dissenting views

46
Q

Obedience

A

Form of complience that occurs when people respond to others of an authority figure

47
Q

Proximity

A

1st aspect of relationship= living close to someone or see them frequently builds attractiveness

48
Q

Similarity

A

2nd aspect of relationship= birds of feather we; stick together!

49
Q

Reciprocity

A

3rd aspect of relationship= tendency to return in the kind feelings that are shown to us

50
Q

Ingratiation

A

Person tries to conciously win affections for some ulterior motive

51
Q

Passionate love

A

Intense, emotional state characterized by powerful longing to be w/ specific person= intimacy, passion, with commitment lacking & pain if feelings aren’t the same

52
Q

Companionate love

A

Emotional attachment characterized by feelings of trust & companionship= self-disclosure= intimacy & comittment w/ passion lacking

PSY 120H (4 decks)

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