Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSY 120H > Personality (CH 12) > Flashcards

Personality (CH 12) Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A

Set of characteristics that distinguish us from others= consistent behavior across situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Trait

A

Stable predisposition to act a certain way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Trait theories

A

Systems for assessing how people differ in tendencies to act consistently across situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Psychometric approach

A

Identify stable individual differences by analyzing the performances of large groups of people on rating tests/ questionnaires

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Factor analysis

A

Math procedure= analyze correlations among test responses= identify set of factors that collectively predict test performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Source traits

A

Cattell; 16 primary factors= Building blocks/ sources of human personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Super factors

A

Eysenck; reported 3 super factors= Extraversion, Neuroticism (degree of anxiety), Psychoticism (degree of evil, cruelness)
Description of “touchy/feely”= combo of these three factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Big Five

A

5 dimensions of personality= Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism (OCEAN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cardinal traits

A

Allport; Personality traits that dominate one’s life= passion to serve others or accumulate wealth. Uniquely defined by individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Central traits

A

Representative= describes 5-10 traits that would be used to describe someone you know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Secondary traits

A

Occasional= Less obvious characteristics of an individual’s personality= does not always appear in their behavior
(Becoming extremely irritated when hungry)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Self-report inventories

A

Objective & standardized=People answer groups of questions about how they typically act, feel= compared to averages from large groups of prior test takers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MMPI

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory= Most popular test=hundreds of true/false questions= often used as a technique for diagnosing psychological disorders bc people who are clinically diagnosed with psychological disorders have taken the test so they have a “base”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Projective personality test

A

Standardized= individuals interpret unstructured/ ambiguous stimuli
(inkblots)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Thematic apperception test

A

Same concept as the projective personality test but individuals interpret images & what they mean to them
(interpreting the Mona Lisa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Psychodynamic theory

A

Freud; Approach to personality development= much of behavior is governed by unconscious forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Conscious mind

A

Contains contents of current awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Preconscious mind

A

Contains inactive but accessible thoughts & memories= easy recall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Unconscious mind

A

Houses all memories, urges, conflicts= beyond awareness= contents of the unconscious mind exerts powerful & longlasting influences on behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Manifest content

A

Parts of the dream that are remembered= symbolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Latent content

A

Dream’s true unconscious meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Id

A

Freud; Portion of personality= governed by inborn instinctual drives particularly those related to sex & aggression= seeking immediate satisfaction w/o concern for morals/ custom of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pleasure principle

A

Freud; Pursuit of pleasure through the satisfaction of animalistic urges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Superego

A

Freud; Motivates us to act in an ideal fashion in accordance w/ moral customs defined by parents/ culture=Seeks moral perfection. Shaped by experience= acts like a conscience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Idealistic principle
Superego follows= always acts in a proper/ ideal fashion as defined by parents/ culture
26
Ego
Encourages you to act w/ reason & deliberation= helps you conform to the requirements of the external world= compromises between the Id & Superego
27
Reality principle
Monitors real world for appropriate outlets for Id's needs, listens intently to the moralistic preaching of the Superego
28
Defense mechanisms
Freud; Unconscious processes used by the Ego to ward of anxiety that comes w/ confrontation usually w/ demands of the Id
29
Repression
Ego's most important weapon keeps anxiety-producing thoughts & feelings buried in the unconscious= self-deception
30
Denial
Refuse to believe info that leads to anxiety
31
Rationalization
Explanation are created to deal w/ threatening thoughts
32
Projection
Unacceptable wishes/ feelings attributed to others
33
Reaction formation
Behaving in a way that is opposite of how you feel | deeply resenting your uncle but then showering him with gifts
34
Sublimination
Unacceptable impulses channeled through a socially acceptable activity (being rude= becoming a stand-up comedian)
35
Erogenous zone
Sensitive region of pleasure= associated w/ each developmental stage
36
Oral stage
1st stage in psychosexual development= occurs in the first year of life= pleasure of sucking & putting things in mouth
37
Anal stage
2nd stage in psychosexual development= occurs in the 2nd year of life= pleasure in defecation of feces
38
Phallic stage
3rd stage of psychosexual development= occurs in ages 3-5= pleasure in self-stimulation of sexual organs
39
Fixation
Person will continue to act in ways appropriate for a particular stage= keep seeking pleasure after they have matured (people fixated @ oral stage= likes over-eating, biting nails)
40
Oedipus complex
Boys become erotically attracted to their mother
41
Electra complex
Girls become erotically attracted to their father
42
Latency period
Period of psychosexual development from age 5- puberty= sexual feelings are suppressed b/c of making new friends/ social concerns
43
Genital stage
Final stage of psychosexual development= developing mature sexual relations w/ members of the opposite sex
44
Inferiority complex
Adler; It is our natural drive for superiority that explains motivation, Not sexual gratification
45
Collective unconscious
Jung; Certain kinds of universal symbols are present in the unconscious of all people= representing enduring concepts/ archetypes
46
Humanistic psychology
Approach to personality= focuses on people's unique capacity for choice, responsibility, & growth= we are naturally unique whole & environment effects growth process
47
Self-concept
Rogers; An organized set of perceptions that we hold about our abilities/ characteristics. Primarily comes from social interactions
48
Positive regard
Rogers; Idea that we value what others think of us & that we constantly seek other's approval, love, & companionship
49
Conditions of worth
Expectations/ standards that we believe others place on us
50
Incongruence
Discrepancy between the image that we hold of ourselves (self-concept) & the sum of all our experiences (reading an intellectual book bc your parents are both professors= you'd rather die than continue reading it bc its not your passion)
51
Congruent
Self-concept agreeing w/ true feelings & expectations
52
Self-actualization
Maslow; Ingrained desire to reach one's potential as a human being
53
Need-hierarchy
Expresses the order in which needs must be satisfied= personality characteristics depend on where you're positioned in the hierarchy (self-actualization, esteem, safety, psych needs)
54
Peak-hierarchy
Maslow; Emotional/ religious experiences in which one's place in a unified universe becomes clear & meaningful
55
Social cognitive theories
An approach to personality that suggests that human experiences & intrepretation of those experiences determine personality growth & development
56
Locus of control
The amount of control that a person feels towards the enviornment
57
Externals
People that perceive little connection between their actions & occurrence of rewards= feeling powerless, having low self esteem
58
Internals
People that view the world as responsive to their actions= feeling more confident & scoring higher on academic/ social measures
59
Self-efficacy
The beliefs we hold our own ability to perform a task/ accomplish a goal
60
Reciprocal determinism
Idea that beliefs, behavior, & environment interact to shape what is learned from the experience
61
Person-situation debate
A controversial debate centering on whether people really fo behave consistently across situations
62
Self-monitoring
Person monitors situation closely & changes their behavior accordingly= pretty adaptive (high monitors= not behaving consistently across situations)
63
Twin data
Identical twins show higher correlations of characteristics than fraternal twins regardless of being reared together or apart= strong genetic component as well as environmental

PSY 120H (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions