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PSY 120H > Personality (CH 12) > Flashcards

Personality (CH 12) Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A

Set of characteristics that distinguish us from others= consistent behavior across situations

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2
Q

Trait

A

Stable predisposition to act a certain way

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3
Q

Trait theories

A

Systems for assessing how people differ in tendencies to act consistently across situations

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4
Q

Psychometric approach

A

Identify stable individual differences by analyzing the performances of large groups of people on rating tests/ questionnaires

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5
Q

Factor analysis

A

Math procedure= analyze correlations among test responses= identify set of factors that collectively predict test performance

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6
Q

Source traits

A

Cattell; 16 primary factors= Building blocks/ sources of human personality

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7
Q

Super factors

A

Eysenck; reported 3 super factors= Extraversion, Neuroticism (degree of anxiety), Psychoticism (degree of evil, cruelness)
Description of “touchy/feely”= combo of these three factors

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8
Q

Big Five

A

5 dimensions of personality= Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism (OCEAN)

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9
Q

Cardinal traits

A

Allport; Personality traits that dominate one’s life= passion to serve others or accumulate wealth. Uniquely defined by individual

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10
Q

Central traits

A

Representative= describes 5-10 traits that would be used to describe someone you know

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11
Q

Secondary traits

A

Occasional= Less obvious characteristics of an individual’s personality= does not always appear in their behavior
(Becoming extremely irritated when hungry)

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12
Q

Self-report inventories

A

Objective & standardized=People answer groups of questions about how they typically act, feel= compared to averages from large groups of prior test takers

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13
Q

MMPI

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory= Most popular test=hundreds of true/false questions= often used as a technique for diagnosing psychological disorders bc people who are clinically diagnosed with psychological disorders have taken the test so they have a “base”

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14
Q

Projective personality test

A

Standardized= individuals interpret unstructured/ ambiguous stimuli
(inkblots)

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15
Q

Thematic apperception test

A

Same concept as the projective personality test but individuals interpret images & what they mean to them
(interpreting the Mona Lisa)

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16
Q

Psychodynamic theory

A

Freud; Approach to personality development= much of behavior is governed by unconscious forces

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17
Q

Conscious mind

A

Contains contents of current awareness

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18
Q

Preconscious mind

A

Contains inactive but accessible thoughts & memories= easy recall

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19
Q

Unconscious mind

A

Houses all memories, urges, conflicts= beyond awareness= contents of the unconscious mind exerts powerful & longlasting influences on behaviors

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20
Q

Manifest content

A

Parts of the dream that are remembered= symbolic

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21
Q

Latent content

A

Dream’s true unconscious meaning

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22
Q

Id

A

Freud; Portion of personality= governed by inborn instinctual drives particularly those related to sex & aggression= seeking immediate satisfaction w/o concern for morals/ custom of society

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23
Q

Pleasure principle

A

Freud; Pursuit of pleasure through the satisfaction of animalistic urges

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24
Q

Superego

A

Freud; Motivates us to act in an ideal fashion in accordance w/ moral customs defined by parents/ culture=Seeks moral perfection. Shaped by experience= acts like a conscience

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25
Q

Idealistic principle

A

Superego follows= always acts in a proper/ ideal fashion as defined by parents/ culture

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26
Q

Ego

A

Encourages you to act w/ reason & deliberation= helps you conform to the requirements of the external world= compromises between the Id & Superego

27
Q

Reality principle

A

Monitors real world for appropriate outlets for Id’s needs, listens intently to the moralistic preaching of the Superego

28
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

Freud; Unconscious processes used by the Ego to ward of anxiety that comes w/ confrontation usually w/ demands of the Id

29
Q

Repression

A

Ego’s most important weapon keeps anxiety-producing thoughts & feelings buried in the unconscious= self-deception

30
Q

Denial

A

Refuse to believe info that leads to anxiety

31
Q

Rationalization

A

Explanation are created to deal w/ threatening thoughts

32
Q

Projection

A

Unacceptable wishes/ feelings attributed to others

33
Q

Reaction formation

A

Behaving in a way that is opposite of how you feel

deeply resenting your uncle but then showering him with gifts

34
Q

Sublimination

A

Unacceptable impulses channeled through a socially acceptable activity
(being rude= becoming a stand-up comedian)

35
Q

Erogenous zone

A

Sensitive region of pleasure= associated w/ each developmental stage

36
Q

Oral stage

A

1st stage in psychosexual development= occurs in the first year of life= pleasure of sucking & putting things in mouth

37
Q

Anal stage

A

2nd stage in psychosexual development= occurs in the 2nd year of life= pleasure in defecation of feces

38
Q

Phallic stage

A

3rd stage of psychosexual development= occurs in ages 3-5= pleasure in self-stimulation of sexual organs

39
Q

Fixation

A

Person will continue to act in ways appropriate for a particular stage= keep seeking pleasure after they have matured
(people fixated @ oral stage= likes over-eating, biting nails)

40
Q

Oedipus complex

A

Boys become erotically attracted to their mother

41
Q

Electra complex

A

Girls become erotically attracted to their father

42
Q

Latency period

A

Period of psychosexual development from age 5- puberty= sexual feelings are suppressed b/c of making new friends/ social concerns

43
Q

Genital stage

A

Final stage of psychosexual development= developing mature sexual relations w/ members of the opposite sex

44
Q

Inferiority complex

A

Adler; It is our natural drive for superiority that explains motivation, Not sexual gratification

45
Q

Collective unconscious

A

Jung; Certain kinds of universal symbols are present in the unconscious of all people= representing enduring concepts/ archetypes

46
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

Approach to personality= focuses on people’s unique capacity for choice, responsibility, & growth= we are naturally unique whole & environment effects growth process

47
Q

Self-concept

A

Rogers; An organized set of perceptions that we hold about our abilities/ characteristics. Primarily comes from social interactions

48
Q

Positive regard

A

Rogers; Idea that we value what others think of us & that we constantly seek other’s approval, love, & companionship

49
Q

Conditions of worth

A

Expectations/ standards that we believe others place on us

50
Q

Incongruence

A

Discrepancy between the image that we hold of ourselves (self-concept) & the sum of all our experiences
(reading an intellectual book bc your parents are both professors= you’d rather die than continue reading it bc its not your passion)

51
Q

Congruent

A

Self-concept agreeing w/ true feelings & expectations

52
Q

Self-actualization

A

Maslow; Ingrained desire to reach one’s potential as a human being

53
Q

Need-hierarchy

A

Expresses the order in which needs must be satisfied= personality characteristics depend on where you’re positioned in the hierarchy
(self-actualization, esteem, safety, psych needs)

54
Q

Peak-hierarchy

A

Maslow; Emotional/ religious experiences in which one’s place in a unified universe becomes clear & meaningful

55
Q

Social cognitive theories

A

An approach to personality that suggests that human experiences & intrepretation of those experiences determine personality growth & development

56
Q

Locus of control

A

The amount of control that a person feels towards the enviornment

57
Q

Externals

A

People that perceive little connection between their actions & occurrence of rewards= feeling powerless, having low self esteem

58
Q

Internals

A

People that view the world as responsive to their actions= feeling more confident & scoring higher on academic/ social measures

59
Q

Self-efficacy

A

The beliefs we hold our own ability to perform a task/ accomplish a goal

60
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

Idea that beliefs, behavior, & environment interact to shape what is learned from the experience

61
Q

Person-situation debate

A

A controversial debate centering on whether people really fo behave consistently across situations

62
Q

Self-monitoring

A

Person monitors situation closely & changes their behavior accordingly= pretty adaptive
(high monitors= not behaving consistently across situations)

63
Q

Twin data

A

Identical twins show higher correlations of characteristics than fraternal twins regardless of being reared together or apart= strong genetic component as well as environmental

PSY 120H (4 decks)

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