Social Psychology Flashcards
What are norms?
Rules about appropriate behaviour in different situations
powerful but hard to articulate
Can have neg consequences
What is Asch Conformity test?
All other participants are associated of the empriementor. Visual judgement places two cards in front, the card on the left shows three lines, card on the right shows 3 lines ask which of the 3 on the right matches the left.
All participants choose answer obviously wrong, 75% of the other people conformed atleast once.
AIM: investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could effect a person to conform
What is the bystander effect and why does it occur?
The more people available to give help, the lower the chance of receiving help
this occurs because there is more people around thus a shared responsibility and their is more ambiguity
What is social loafing?
Person exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group then when they work alone. This occurs because:
- less effort same reward - larger group, individuals contribution not noticed
Other factors that could stop this:
- liking, identifying with group - group express disapproval
What is obedience
Change in behaviour to met demand of an authority figure?
What is the milgram experiment?
Exprimentor told participants they were participating in an experiment to examine the effects of punishment on learning. Participants were instructed to punish a learning (confined from) in the next room when they made an error using a shock generator increased to 450 (deadly) No one was getting shocked but they heard screams
Two thirds gave the full deadly shock even after the learner had stop responding
Factors that contributed to the results of the Mildgram experiment and critiques of the research
Factors:
- proximity to victim to participant
- proximity of participant to experiment
Critiques:
Has a huge social value. It helps us understand historical events and prevent it from happening again in the future
Caused harm to participants, no actual harm but 84% glad/2% regret
What is social perception?
the process by which people make sense of themselves, other, social interactions and relationships:
- first impressions - schemas - attributions - stereotypes - prejudice
What are shemas ?
Jean Piget
Schemas are patterns of though that organised our experiences and knowledge
Assimilation: fitting new info into old schema
Accomadation: changing of creating new schema
What is attribution?
The process of understanding and explaining the courses of behaviour.
We attribute our own and other behaviors to either external or interval causes.
Heider:
Internal- personality
External - circumstances
We do this to understand behaviour, predict future behaviour and control the situation
THREE MODELS:
Heider Weiner (controllable vs uncontrollable) Kelly: is an attribution theory in which people make causal inferences to explain why other people and ourselves behave in a certain way. It is concerned with both social perception and self-perception Distinctiveness – does the behaviour occur across situations? Consensus – does everyone do it? Consistency – does this person do it all the time?
What are stereotypes?
Characteristics attributed to people based on membership of specific groups. Levels of stereotypes: -Public: conscious and open -Private: consciously and not open -Implicit: unconscious
what is prejudice, discrimination, the halo effect and self fulfing prophecies?
Prejudice: attributed toward someone basis of their group membership
Discrimination: behaviour directed towards someone on basis of group membership
Halo Effect: tendency to assume positive attributes cluster together (good looking people must also be nice)
Self fufling prophecies: when our beliefs and expectations create reality
