Social Psychology

Question 0

Outline Cruthchfeilds experiment and results

Answer 0

Conformity in private
Range of participants- men women army officers
Participants day alone on cubicles questions projected on screen and incorrect answer appeared
Personality test
Found same levels of conformity as Asch’s, personality test revealed higher levels of conformity if “intellectually less effective” submissive inhibited with a inferiority complex

Question 1

Outline Asch’s experiment and results

Answer 1

Lab
Carried out 12 times 
8 participants,1 participants per grp
Match lines, all confederates gave wrong answer 
In control grp- 0.7% wrong 
Experimental grp- 75% wrong

Question 2

Extensions to Asch

Answer 2

Perrin and spencer- 396 science and engineering students- only 1 case of conformity

Smith and bond- meta analysis- more conformity in collectivist society’s (Fiji and Japan)

Question 3

Outline zimbardo

Answer 3

1973
Stanford uni. Divided class into guards and prisoners. Guards wore mirrored glasses and prisoners wore shackles and uniform. Arrested at home. Zimbardo was chief guard. Guards became increasingly aggressive and it was abandoned.

Question 4

What is compliance

Answer 4

Going along with the majority even if we have different ideas because we want to appear normal, because being identified with the majority is desirable. We go along with the majority without analysing why the difference in ideas exist. this results in public compliance where there little private attitude change.

Question 5

What is informational social influence

Answer 5

ISI is where you change your behaviour because you believe the group is right. You change both your public and private beliefs and internalise that of the group. This type of social influence usually results in a long-term change and remains even if the group is not present.

Question 6

What are the real life implications of zimbardo

Answer 6

Abu Ghraib prison. Lyndie England

Question 7

Outline sherif 1935

Answer 7

Lab experiment. Repeated measures design. Autokinetic effect.
1-Participants asked to estimate how far light moves. PERSONAL NORM
2- put in groups of 3, made estimates. GROUP NORM
3- retested and have group answer. INFORMATIONAL SOCIAL INFLUENCE

When in group first norms appeared quicker

Question 8

Jones et al 2000

Answer 8

Tennessee teacher complained of funny smell which made her feel ill. School evacuated as 80 students and 19 teachers became ill.

Extensive searches found nothing

Question 9

Reicher and Haslam

Answer 9

Controlled filmed groups in mock prison. 15 make volunteers- 5 guards 10 prisoners. Daily test for depression and stress. After 3 days one would be chosen to become a guard. Guards felt uncomfortable rebellion on day 6 and agreed on democracy but former prisoners wanted stricter regime. Abandoned due to stress

Question 11

What did zimbardo say cruel behaviour was

Answer 11

Situational not dispositional

Question 12

Rotter

Answer 12

‘locus of control’. people with an internal locus of control believe that events are because of your own actions and external locus of control believe that events are brought about by luck, fate or the actions of others.

Question 13

Milgram 1963

Answer 13

lab
> Yale Uni
> 40 male pps (paid)- social contract
> experimenter in lab coat- legitimate authority
> asked to shock student if gave wrong answer 15V-450V
>100%- 300V and 65%-450V

Question 14

Milgrams extensions

Answer 14

Allies- 10%
Proximity to victim- 40%
proximity to authority- 23%
shabby office- 48%

Question 15

evaluate milgram

Answer 15

> lab
ethically bad
paid- social contract
yale is prestigious

Question 16

Milgrams agency theory

Answer 16

when we do what we are told we are in an agentic state, acting as someones agent not our selves in situations with an authority figure.
the agentic state is ‘the condition a person is in when he sees himself as as an agent carrying out anothers wishes’.
Milgram argues taht were shift between an agentic state and an autonomous state.

Question 17

Sheridan and King 1972

Answer 17

milgrams but with real shock to real puppies/
>volunterers from undergraduate study
> pps told puppy was learning to distinguish between moving and steady light.
> 20/26 full voltage
> 6 that refused were male

Question 18

moscivici et al 1969

Answer 18

192 women placed into groups of 6 ( 2 confederates)
> 36 blue slides shown
> control no conf.- 0.25%
> inconsistent- named 24 green- 1.25%
>consistent- all green- 8.4%
> consistency means minority will be heard

Question 19

RLA of moscivici

Answer 19

suffragets
civil rights
gay rights

Question 20

Tajfel and Turner 1979

Answer 20

social identity theory

1) social categorisation- define ourselves with a group
2) social identity- adopt the identity of the group
3) social comparison- compare other groups negatively.

Question 21

Birkman

Answer 21

field experiment where passer-bys asked to pick up litter

> listened to researcher dressed as police rather than milkman

Question 22

Gamson et Al 1982

Answer 22

>pps from newspaper
> decieved and recorder on task
> at end asked to sign consent form
> 32/33 groups rebelled
> 25 refused to sign
> 9 threatened legal action
> they saw each other as allies

Question 23

Hofling

Answer 23

nurses telphoned by Dr.Smith and told to give 20mg of astrofen
>against rules to take orders off phone and double recommended dosage
> 95% complied

Question 24

Zimbardo’s expansion on Milgram

Answer 24

pps wore own clothes and were treated individually or wore hood and addressed as group.
> average level of shock doubled if hood worn. DEINDIVIDUATION

Question 25

Kohlman

Answer 25

> Heinz dilemma
moral development
low stage development say stealing is wrong, middle stage says both are wrong. Higher development say law is wrong.
higher development will not obey simply because they have to

Question 26

what is conformity

Answer 26

conformity is a form of social influence in which the individual chooses the course of action that is favoured by the majority, or is considered socially acceptable. Conformity can be either compliance or internalisation.

Question 27

what is internalisation?

Answer 27

going along with the majority because you have come to accept their point of view as your own. This is where the groups belief is accepted both publicly and privately, becoming consistent with your own value system.

Question 28

what is normative social influence?

Answer 28

NSI is the reason someone conforms is because they want to be liked and accepted by the group. The person may publicly change their behaviours and views but privately disagree. This can linked most to conformity such as Aschs study (conforming to an obviously wrong answer)