Social Psychology

Question 1

Socialisation

Answer 1

The process of how people learn the beliefs, customs and appropriate behaviours of society or a group.

Question 2

Primary Socialisation

Answer 2

The process of learning the beliefs, customs and appropriate behaviours of a group during the early stages of life, typically from the parents and close family members.

Question 3

Secondary Socialisation

Answer 3

The process of learning the beliefs, customs and appropriate behaviours of a group via teachers, extended family, friends and the media.

Question 4

Agent

Answer 4

A person or group that facilitates the process of socialisation; could be parents, family, peers, school or the media.

Question 5

Vicarious Learning

Answer 5

Witnesses a type of behaviour in another and establishing whether this is acceptable or not based on the observation.

Question 6

Sex

Answer 6

Determined by the biological chromosome make-up expressed through an individual’s reproductive organs, genitals and other physical characteristics.

Question 7

Gender

Answer 7

A socially and culturally constructed idea of what make and female are; this can include but not limited to, personality traits, social behaviours and physical appearance.

Question 8

Biological Theories of Gender Role Formation

Answer 8

Overarching theory that an individual’s gender is predetermined by their biological sex: their genitals and reproductive organs.

Question 9

Theories of Psychosexual Differentiation

Answer 9

A biological theory of gender role formation that focuses on the way testosterone affects the brain to determine masculinity.

Question 10

Biosocial Theory

Answer 10

A biological theory that states that gender roles are developed as a result of interaction between biological sex and socialisation.

Question 11

Intersex

Answer 11

An individual who is born with both male and female, or ambiguous, genitals and reproductive organs.

Question 12

Gender Identity

Answer 12

Achieved around 2-3 years of age, where a child recognises and labels themselves as a boy or girl.

Question 13

Gender Stability

Answer 13

Achieved around 3-4 years of age, where a child realises that their sex will not change over time.

Question 14

Gender Constancy

Answer 14

Achieved at the age of 5, where children realise that sex is a fixed state that will not change; they also realise that if someone’s appearance or behaviour changes, this does not make them a member of the opposite sex.

Question 15

gender Schema

Answer 15

A mental representation of what it is to be male or what is is to be female, typically based on stereotypes.

Question 16

Gender Schema Theory

Answer 16

A theory of gender role formation that people build over time that provides information about how a male or female should behave.

Question 17

Gender Scripts

Answer 17

Gender roles and behaviors that children come to consider as normal, based on their observations of everyday life.

Question 18

Vicarious Reward

Answer 18

When a child observes a behaviour being rewarded.

Question 19

Vicarious Punishment

Answer 19

When a child observes a behaviour being punished.

Question 20

Social Influence Theory

Answer 20

Suggest peoples are more likely to change their attitudes, beliefs of behaviours because of compliance, identification or internalisation.

Question 21

Compliance

Answer 21

A change in people’s attitudes publically, but not privately, so that they are more likeable in their group.

Question 22

Identification

Answer 22

A change in people’s attitude and behaviour because they are influenced by someone and relate to the content of the attitude.

Question 23

Internalisation

Answer 23

A change in people’s attitude and behaviour because they have taken on a new attitude and have taken this into their belief system.