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PSYC 1105 > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is an attitude?

A

A relatively stable and enduring evaluation of things and people.

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2
Q

What is social cognition?

A

The way in which people perceive and interpret themselves and others in their social world.

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3
Q

What is the ABC model of attitude?

A

Attitude as an interaction between 3 components: affective, behavioural, cognitive.

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4
Q

How does a child develop their attitudes?

A

Through socialization.

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5
Q

How do attitudes change?

A

Through cognitive dissonance or self-perception attitude change.

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6
Q

What is cognitive dissonance?

A

When we hold two contradictory beliefs or when a belief contradicts behaviour, we experience a state of emotional discomfort which we must resolve.

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7
Q

What is self-perception theory?

A

A theory suggesting that when people are uncertain of their attitudes, they infer what the attitudes are by observing their own behaviour.

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8
Q

When does an attitude predict behaviour?

A

The more specific or powerful an attitude, the more likely it is to predict a behaviour.

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9
Q

What are two factors which may cause people to misrepresent their attitudes?

A

The social desirability factor, and their implicit attitudes.

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10
Q

What are the main features of the social identity theory in explaining prejudice?

A

Interplay between social categorization, social identity, and social comparison.

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11
Q

What is realistic conflict theory?

A

The amount of actual conflict between particular in-groups determines the degree of prejudice or discrimination between those groups.

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12
Q

What is broadly deemed to be the main source of prejudice?

A

Human’s ability to identify with a group.

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13
Q

What is the central route of persuasion?

A

The content of the message using factual information and logical arguments.

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14
Q

What is the peripheral route to persuasion?

A

Superficial information.

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15
Q

What source factors increase persuasion?

A

If the source is credible & likeable.

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16
Q

What message factors increase persuasion?

A

Two-side appeal or fear-based messaging

17
Q

What channel factor increases persuasion?

A

The closer the source-receiver, the more persuasive the message.

18
Q

What two specific techniques work well for persuasion?

A

Foot-in-door and door-in-face

19
Q

What are the barriers to persuasion?

A

Forewarning an audience

20
Q

What are the two types of attributions?

A

Dispositional/internal and situational/external

21
Q

What is the fundamental attribution error?

A

The tendency to use dispositional attributions to explain the behaviour of other people.

22
Q

What is the actor-observer effect?

A

The discrepancy between how we explain other people’s behaviour (dispositionally) and how we explain our behaviour (situationally)

23
Q

What is the self-serving bias?

A

The tendency to attribute our positive behaviour to dispositional reasons and negative behaviours to situational ones.

24
Q

What are the two categories of norms?

A

Descriptive: what members of a group do.
Injunctive: what members of a group ought to do.

25
Q

What is a social role?

A

A set of norms ascribed to a person’s social position

26
Q

What is the key factor in ensuring conformity to the group?

A

Group unanimity

27
Q

What did Milgram’s experiment suggest?

A

That we are likely to follow directions even when they go against our moral attitudes.

28
Q

What affects our obedience?

A

Shared dissent, salience of suffering, proximity to victim.

29
Q

How does group dynamics affect an additive task?

A

Group members all perform parallel tasks. Group productivity increases directly with group size.

30
Q

How does group dynamics affect a conjunctive task?

A

Group is as effective as its weakest member. Group efficiency does not necessarily increase with group size.

31
Q

How does group dynamics affect a divisible task?

A

Involves the simultaneous performance of different activities. Larger groups are typically more productive.

32
Q

How does group dynamics affect disjunctive tasks?

A

Requires a single solution. Larger groups have a higher chance of yielding that solution.

33
Q

What is social facilitation?

A

Our arousal increases in the presence of a group, increasing our productivity.

34
Q

What is social loafing?

A

In a large and uncohesive group, individual members can feel less obligation to contribute.

35
Q

What is group polarization?

A

The intensification of an initial tendency of individual group members brought about by group discussion.

36
Q

What is groupthink?

A

a form of faulty group decision making that occurs when group members strive for unanimity and this goal overrides there’s.

PSYC 1105 (7 decks)

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