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PSYC 1105 > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of personality?

A

The unique characteristics that account for our enduring patterns of inner experience and outward behaviour.

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2
Q

What was Freud’s view of personality?

A

Personality forms as a result of struggles between primal needs and social or moral restraints.

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3
Q

What are Freud’s 3 levels of consciousness?

A

Conscious, Preconscious, Subconscious

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4
Q

What are the three structures of consciousness according to Freud?

A

Ego, Id, Superego

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5
Q

What is the id?

A

According to psychoanalytic theory the personality element representing basic instinctual drives, such as those related to eating, sleeping, sex, and comfort

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6
Q

What is the ego

A

a personality element that works to help satisfy the drives of the id while complying with the constraints placed on behaviour by the environment

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7
Q

What is the superego

A

a personality element in charge of determining which impulses are acceptable to express openly and which are unacceptable, develops as we observe and internalize the behaviours of others in our culture.

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8
Q

What is the pleasure principle?

A

The idea that your id is governed by what is most pleasureable to it.

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9
Q

At what age does the oral stage happen?

A

0-18 months.

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10
Q

At what age does the anal stage happen?

A

18 months-3 years

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11
Q

At what age does the phallic stage happen?

A

3-6 years

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12
Q

At what age does the latency stage happen?

A

6 years to puberty

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13
Q

At what age does the genital stage happen?

A

Puberty-Adulthood

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14
Q

What is the key conflict of the oral stage?

A

Weaning

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15
Q

What is the key conflict of the anal stage?

A

Toilet training

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16
Q

What is the key conflict of the phallic stage?

A

Attraction to opposite sex parent

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17
Q

What is the key conflict of the latency stage?

A

Repression of sexual impulses; identification with same sex parent

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18
Q

What is the key conflict of the genital stage?

A

Establishing mature sexual relations and emotional intimacy.

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19
Q

What are the symptoms of fixation for the oral stage?

A

Dependency on pleasures of the mouth; also general dependence on mother

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20
Q

What are the symptoms of fixation for the anal stage?

A

Excessive neatness, orderliness, stubbornness, stingy, controlling

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21
Q

What are the symptoms of fixation for the latency stage?

A

Sexual rigidity or confusion?

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of fixation for the genital stage?

A

sexual dysfunction and unsatisfactory relationships.

23
Q

What is psychoanalytic repression?

A

Keeping unpleasant memories or thoughts buried in the unconscious.

24
Q

What is psychoanalytic denial?

A

Refusing to recognize an unpleasant reality.

25
Q

What is psychoanalytic rationalization?

A

Creating a socially acceptable excuse to justify unacceptable behaviour.

26
Q

What is psychoanalytic reaction formation?

A

Not acknowledging unacceptable impulses and overemphasizing the opposite.

27
Q

What is psychoanalytic projection?

A

Transferring one’s unacceptable qualities or impulses to others.

28
Q

What is psychoanalytic displacement?

A

Diverting one’s impulses to a more acceptable target.

29
Q

What is psychoanalytic sublimation

A

Channeling socially unacceptable activities into acceptable ones.

30
Q

What is psychoanalytic regression?

A

Reverting to immature ways of responding.

31
Q

What is psychoanalytic identification?

A

Enhancing self-esteem by imagining or forming alliances with others.

32
Q

What is psychoanalytic intellectualization?

A

Ignoring troubling emotional aspects by focusing on abstract ideas or thoughts.

33
Q

What is a key weakness of psychoanalytic theory?

A

Lack of predictive power.

34
Q

What characterizes Adler’s psychoanalytic individual psychology?

A

How feelings of inferiority motivate behaviour.

35
Q

What is a distinct feature of Carl Jung’s analytical psychology?

A

The idea of the collective unconscious.

36
Q

What is the collective unconscious?

A

A cumulative storehouse of inherited memories called archetypes.

37
Q

What is the central theme of Jung’s analytical psychology?

A

The focus on harmony between conscious & unconscious elements to make the self.

38
Q

What is the key theme of Horney’s psychoanalytic theory?

A

Basic anxiety which children who develop extreme feelings of isolation and helplessness.

39
Q

What is the self-concept concept in Humanistic Psychology?

A

A pattern of self-perception that remains consistent over time and can be used to characterize an individual. Our self concept is related to both how we see ourselves and how others see us.

40
Q

What did Maslow propose about personality?

A

That personality arises from people’s striving to meet their needs.

41
Q

Where did Rogers and Maslow differ in their humanistic psychology.?

A

Rogers based his theory of personality around the concept of the self rather than around a hierarchy of needs.

42
Q

What happens when children do not receive unconditional positive regard?

A

They develop conditions of worth: perceptions that they must meet certain standards in order to gain love and regard.

43
Q

What is the key difference between humanistic and psychoanalytic psychologies?

A

Humanists offer a view that emphasizes the potential of individuals and highlights each person’s consciousness, free will and other human qualities.

44
Q

What is a definition of central traits?

A

Broad habits shaped by the linking of innate tendencies to respond to certain situations

45
Q

What was the key feature of Gordon Allport’s psychology.

A

The uniqueness of every individual and the focus on the present.

46
Q

What were the three traits which Hans Eysenck captured in his trait theory?

A

Extraversion, Neuroticism, Psychoticism

47
Q

What are the traits of the Five-Factor Model?

A

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

48
Q

What is situationism

A

The notion that behaviour is governed primarily by the variables in a given situation rather than by internal traits.

49
Q

What is Skinner’s perception on personality?

A

Skinner only saw personality as consistency in response tendencies and that we only approach life in a certain way because we have been rewarded or punished for certain responses.

50
Q

What is an interactionist perspective?

A

A view emphasizing the relationship between a person’s underlying personality traits and the reinforcing aspects of the situations in which they choose to put themselves.

51
Q

What is at the center of the interactionist model?

A

The idea that people influence the situations they encounter as a function of underlying personality traits

52
Q

What is Bandura’s theory of reciprocal determinism?

A

The interaction between internal mental events, behaviour, and external environment to create personality.

53
Q

What is disposition-situation consistency?

A

How interactive effects between traits (dispositions) and situations are common and these relationships often show stability.

PSYC 1105 (7 decks)

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