Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych > Social Psych > Flashcards

Social Psych Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

attribution theory

A

the theory that we tend to explain the behavior of others as an aspect of either an internal disposition (an inner trait) or the situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

the tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal dispositions rather than to situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

self-serving basis

A

a readiness to perceive oneself favorably

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

attitude

A

the belief and feeling that predisposes someone to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

foot in the door phenomenon

A

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

role

A

a set of expectations in a social setting that define how one ought to behave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Philip Zimbardo

A

1972

research focuses on heroism, cult behavior, a shyness most famous for stamford prison study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

emotion

A

conscious experience, physiological arousal, expressive behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

social psychology

A

studying the way people relate to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

attitudes

A

a set of beliefs and feelings that predisposes one to respond in a particular way
effected by external influences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mere Exposure Effect

A

psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them
the more time you are exposed to something, your feelings toward it will increase and become more positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

door in the face phenomenon

A

The persuader attempts to convince the respondent to comply by making a large request that the respondent will most likely turn down, much like a metaphorical slamming of a door in the persuader’s face.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

conformity

A

adjusting behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
increases when
-you feel incompetent or insecure,
-you are in a group of three or more
-the rest of the group is unanimous
-impressed by the status of the group
-made no prior commitment to a response
-observers by others in the group
-culture encourages respect for social standards
—- elevator experiment, line experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Soloman Asch

A

1907-96

social psychologist who researched the circumstances under which people conform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stanley Milgram

A

1933-84
social psychologist who researched obedience to authority
ordinary people who are not usually hostile can become agents of destruction
- voltage experiment
- 65% of the participants obeyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

obedience

A

the tendency to comply with orders, implied or real, from someone perceived as an authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

social facilitation

A

improved performance on tasks in the presence of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

social loafing

A

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

deindividualition

A

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
losing sense of self which leads to mobs and rioting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

group polarization

A

enhancement of a group’s already existing attitudes through discussion within the group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

groupthink

A

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of the alternatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

when we believe something to be true about others (or ourselves) and we act in ways that cause this belief to come true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

stereotype

A

overgeneralized idea about a group of people

mental shortcut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

prejudice

A

undeserved (usually negative) attitude towards a group of people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

discrimination

A

an action based on a prejudice

27
Q

scapegoat theory

A

prejudice offering an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
leads to prejudice

28
Q

categorization

A

helps differentiate things to understand the world in a different way
easier to process information
leads to prejudice

29
Q

just world phenomenon

A

karma, the world is just
leads to creating prejudice
people get what they deserve

30
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

a prediction that causes itself to be true
if you think something is going to happen, it will happen
(if you think you’re gonna do badly on a test you most likely will)

31
Q

pygmalion effect

A

when you have a belief that you will do better, that belief comes true
a prediction that a group of people will do better, that will come true
- In the classroom

POSITIVE

32
Q

Golem Effect

A

those who have a belief they will do poorly, will do poorly
- in the classroom
NEGATIVE

33
Q

contact theory

A

contact between hostile groups will reduce animosity if they are made to work towards a superordinate goal

34
Q

superordinate goal

A

going beyond something that just benefits you or your group, you’re doing something that benefits everyone involved
breaks down biases and stereotypes, avoids prejudice

35
Q

attraction

A
  1. physical attractiveness predicts dating frequency (they date more)
    - perceived as healthier, happier, more honest, and successful than less attractive counterparts
  2. similarity
    - opposites do not attract
    - same feather flock together
    - breeds content
  3. Proximity
    - geographic nearness
    - repeated exposure to something breeds liking
  4. reciprocal liking
    - you are more likely to like someone who likes you
36
Q

social facilitation

A

improved performance on tasks in the presence of others
if you are really good at something, or it is an easy task, you will perform better in front of a group
increases psychological arousal

37
Q

social impairment

A

if it is a difficult task or you are not good at it, you will perform worse in front of a group

38
Q

social loafing

A

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling effort toward a common goal than in they were individually accountable

39
Q

learning

A

a relatively permanent change in behavior caused by experience

40
Q

classical conditioning

A

a type of learning in which a stimulus gains the power to cause a response

41
Q

stimulus

A

anything in the environment that one can respond to

42
Q

response

A

any behavior or action

43
Q

unconditioned stimulus (US)

A

a stimulus that triggers a response reflexively and automatically

44
Q

unconditioned response (UR)

A

an automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus

45
Q

conditioned stimulus (CS)

A

a previous neutral stimulus that, through learned, gains the power to cause a response

46
Q

conditioned response (CR)

A

the response to the conditioned stimulus

47
Q

acquisition

A

the process of developing a learned response

48
Q

extinction

A

diminishing of a learned response after repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus alone in classical conditioning

49
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

1849-1936
russian physiologist and learning the theorist famous for the discovery of classical conditioning, in which learning occurs through association

50
Q

generalization

A

producing the same response to two similar stimuli

51
Q

discrimination

A

the ability to distinguish between two signals or stimuli and produce different responses

52
Q

behaviorism

A

the theory that psychology should only study observable behaviors, not mental processes

53
Q

John B. Watson

A

1878-1958
founder of behaviorism, the theory that psychology should restrict its efforts to studying observable behaviors, not mental processes

54
Q

cognition

A

all mental processes associated with thinking, knowing, and remembering

55
Q

Robert Rescorla

A

1940
developed, along with colleague Allan Wagner, a theory that emphasized the importance of cognitive processes in classical conditioning

56
Q

social norms

A

regulations in society

- inhibitory anxiety (superego) that ordinarily prevents us from breaking them

57
Q

Freud

A

broke personality into ego, superego, and Id
Id - the part of the mind in which innate instinctive impulses and primary processes are manifest, underlying innate aggressive behaviors (devil)
ego - executive function, how can i push down aggressive behavior and balance between how i feel i should act and my superego
superego - angel, what you should do, social norms

id is always fighting against superego

58
Q

in-group bias

A

tendency to favor our own group

align ourselves with people who are similar to ourselves

59
Q

amygdala

A

in this area chronic stress increases neural connections

60
Q

hippocampus

A

in the area neurogenesis decreases

inhibits stress response from occurring

61
Q

stress

A

bad for you if you believe it is bad for you

62
Q

james lange

A

body over mind

63
Q

cannon bard

A

reacts before processing, heart beating because in love, heart beating because sacred

64
Q

two factor

A

arousal fuels emotion, cognition channels it
considers surroundings
arousal happens, then you think

Psych (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions