Neuroscience

Question 1

Neurons

Answer 1

1. Receive Information
2. Carry information
3. Pass along information

Question 2

All or None

Answer 2

(toilet example) the neurotransmitters have to reach threshold in order for the action potential will happen

Question 3

Neurotransmitters

Answer 3

released into the synapse

Question 4

Presynaptic Neuron

Answer 4

before the synapse

Question 5

Postsynaptic neuron

Answer 5

after the synapse

Question 6

Refractory period

Answer 6

action potential cannot happen for a certain amount of time

Question 7

Resting Potential

Answer 7

neuron at its resting state

Question 8

Synapse

Answer 8

tiny, fluid filled gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

Question 9

Excitatory

Answer 9

making the neuron more likely to generate an action potential

Type of neurotransmitter or receptor it is makes it excitatory

Question 10

Inhibitory

Answer 10

making the neuron less likely to generate an action potential

Question 11

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Answer 11

enables muscle action, learning, and memory

with Alzheimer’s disease, Ach-producing neurons deteriorate

Question 12

Dopamine (DA)

Answer 12

influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion

excess dopamine receptor activity is linked to schizophrenia (too much)

started of dopamine, the brain produces the tremors and decreased mobility of Parkinson’s disease (too little)

Question 13

Serotonin (5-HT)

Answer 13

affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal

undersupply linked to depression

prozac and some other antidepressant dugs raise serotonin levels

Question 14

Agonist (DA)

Answer 14

“fits into” dopamine and can bind with receptor in oder to produce an effect

causes same effect as a neurotransmitter

Question 15

Antagonist (DA)

Answer 15

sits in receptor blocking neurotransmitter from binding and causing an effect

Question 16

neurotransmitters

Answer 16

bind to the dendrites,

chemicals held in terminal buttons that travel through synaptic gap and bind to the dendrites, different kinds

Question 17

axon

Answer 17

passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands

Question 18

neural impulse/ action potential

Answer 18

electrical signal traveling down the axon

Question 19

cell body/ soma

Answer 19

cells life-support center

Question 20

dendrites

Answer 20

receive messages from other cells and are bonded on by the neurotransmitters

Question 21

terminal branches of the axon

Answer 21

form junctions with other cells and triggers the neurons to release neurotransmitted chemicals, pass on info to another neuron

Question 22

myelin sheath

Answer 22

covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses

Question 23

neuron

Answer 23

1. receive information (from neurotransmitters)
2. carry that information down the length of it (down the axon)
3. pass along that information

Question 24

synapse

Answer 24

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

Question 25

receptor cells

Answer 25

protein molecule that receives chemical signals from outside a cell
where information comes in
passes to sensory neurons

Question 26

Sensory neuron

Answer 26

takes the information and passes to interneuron
nerve cells within the nervous system responsible for converting external stimuli from the organism’s environment into internal electrical impulses

Question 27

interneuron

Answer 27

where the information is processed, once processed, sent to motor neurons
some in spinal cord

Question 28

motor neurons

Answer 28

cause us to have a behavior

a nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland

Question 29

simple reflex

Answer 29

neural chain, knows through receptor cells, only passes through spine
basic survival reflex

Question 30

peripheral nervous system

Answer 30

autonomic (controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands) -> heart
sympathetic: rest and relaxation, fight or flight
have long axons (one runs from upper back to big toe)

Question 31

central nervous system

Answer 31

brain and spinal cord nerves

super tiny neurons

Question 32

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 32

arousing, heart racing, pupils dilate, digestion stops, etc.

Question 33

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 33

calming, contracts pupils, slows heart beat, stimulates digestion, etc.

Question 34

endocrine system

Answer 34

set of glands that produce hormones

Question 35

hormones

Answer 35

chemical messengers that circulate through your blood