Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology 201 > Social Positions and Interactions - The contexts of Deviance and Comformity > Flashcards

Social Positions and Interactions - The contexts of Deviance and Comformity Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Status?

A

Status is a recognized social position that an individual occupies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Status set?

A

A collection of statuses people have over a lifetime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Achieved Status

A

A status you entered at some stage of your life - weren’t born into it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ascribed status

A

A status one is born into or enters involuntarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Social Mobility?

A

The degree to which your status is achieved or ascribed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sexual Orientation and Status: A Problem Area

A

A primarily ascribed status, sexual orientation is much more complicated than being seen as either an achieved or ascribed status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the concept of master status and who came up with it?

A

Master status is the status that dominates all of an individual’s statuses in most social contexts - concept found by Everett C. Hughes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Status Hierarchy?

A

Statuses can be ranked from high to low based on prestige and power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is status consistency

A

The condition a person experiences when all of their statuses fall in the same range in the social hierarchy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is status inconsistency?

A

It is the result of marginalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a role?

A

A set of behaviors and attitudes associated with a particular status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a role set according to Robert Merton?

A

It refers to all the roles that are attached to a particular status ex. professors play the role of teachers, colleagues, employees, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is role strain?

A

Role strain develops when there is a conflict between roles within the role set of a particular status ex. a student catching a classmate cheating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is role conflict?

A

Role conflict occurs when a person is forced to reconcile incompatible expectations generated from 2 or more statuses they hold ex. conflicting demands of being a mother and a student

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is role exit?

A

The process of disengaging from a role that has been central to one’s identity and attempting to establish a new role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who introduced the pecking order and what is it?

A

Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbe - small group settings, statuses can be valuable way to establish a pecking order or who is in charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What did William I. Thomas do?

A

coined the concept definition of the situation - individuals define situations based on their subjective experiences and respond accordingly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the Thomas theorem?

A

“situations we define as real become real in their consequences”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What did Robert F. Bales do?

A

Developed a system of coding interactions in small groups called interaction process analysis (IPA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is IPA?

A

It identifies patterns of behaviors such as dominant/submissive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is social organization?

A

Social and cultural principles around which people and things are structured, ordered, and categorized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is organizational structure comprised of?

A

the principles that are upheld by shared cultural beliefs and maintained through a network of social relations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is cosmology?

A

An account of the origin and ruling principles of the universe

24
Q

What is organizational ritual?

A

A form of social action were a group’s values and identity are publicly demonstrated

25
Q

Carol Mueller identified 3 models of feminist organizations:

A
  1. Formal social movement organizations: professionalized, bureaucratic , inclusive with few demands made on members
  2. Small groups or collectives: Organized informally, require time, loyalty and material resources from its members
  3. Service-provider organizations: Combine elements of both formal and small-group organizations
26
Q

What are the 4 elements of formal rationalization of bureaucracy according to Max Weber

A
  1. Efficiency
  2. Quantification
  3. Predictability
  4. Control
27
Q

What is substantive rationalization?

A

focuses on values and ethics

28
Q

What is Formal rationalization?

A

Leads to disenchantment and alienation

29
Q

Fredrick W. Taylor developed practice of scientific management

A

Based on “time-and-motion” studies designed to discover 1 best way of doing any given job

30
Q

What are the 4 fundamental elements of weber’s formal rationalization applied by Ritzer?

A
  1. Efficiency: The streamlined movement in time and effort of people and things through small, repeated tasks
  2. Quantification: Success is measured by completion of large number of quantifiable tasks
  3. Predictability: the “uniformity of rules” and clear expectations
  4. Control: hierarchal division of labor and supervision
31
Q

What is Deviance?

A

A behavior that strays from what is “normal”

32
Q

What are the 2 characteristics of Deviance

A

Overt Characteristics: actions/qualities taken as explicitly violating the cultural morn
Covert characteristics: The unstated qualities that make a group a target for sanctions

33
Q

Deviance is contested across cultures

A

Deviance differs from cultures
Deviance changes over time

34
Q

what is Conflict Deviance?

A

A disagreement among groups over whether something is deviant or not

35
Q

What is social constructionism?

A

It proposes that certain elements of social life, such as deviance, are not natural are created by a society/culture

36
Q

What is essentialism?

A

It argues that there is something natural, true, universal, and therefore objectively determined about these characteristics

37
Q

What is stigma?

A

human attribute that is seen to discredit an individual’s social identity

38
Q

What is Bodily stigmata?

A

Physical deformities

39
Q

What is moral stigmata?

A

Blemishes of individual character

40
Q

What is tribal stigmata?

A

Transmitted through group association

41
Q

What is the other/othering?

A

AN image constructed by the dominant culture to characterize subcultures

42
Q

What is Moral panic?

A

A campaign designed to arouse concern over an issue/group

43
Q

What is Moral entrepreneur?

A

A person who tries to convince others of the need to take action around a social problem that they have defined

44
Q

What is Racializing deviance?

A

Linking ethnic groups - especially visible minorities - with certain forms of deviance

45
Q

What 2 concepts are important in patriarchy?

A
  1. Misogyny literally means “hating women”
  2. In patriarchal societies, images of women are often constructed in ways that contain and reflect misogyny
46
Q

What is patriarchal construct?

A

Social conditions that favor boys/men over girls/women

47
Q

What are the reasons for higher crime rates?

A

-Lack of social resources
-Limited ability for impression management

48
Q

What is the Schools-to-prison hypothesis?

A

-Biased application of zero-tolerance policies in schools
-Poor schools are often located in racialized neighborhoods
-Constant surveillance and bias in the criminal justice system can result in higher incarceration rates

49
Q

Who introduced the concept of white-collar crime and what is it?

A

Edwin Sutherland - a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his/her occupation

50
Q

Who refined the white-collar concept and what are the 2 types of white-collar crime?

A

Clinard and Quinney
1. Occupation crimes - benefit the individual at the expense of other individuals who work for the company
2. Corporate crimes - benefit the corporation and its executives at the expense of other companies and the general public

51
Q

What is Criminology?

A

The study of patterns in criminal behavior to learn more about how crime can be predicted, prevented and sanctioned

52
Q

what are the 3 central theories of criminal deviance?

A
  1. Strain theory
  2. Subcultural theory
  3. Labelling theory
53
Q

What is the Strain theory?

A

the disconnect between culturally defined goals and uneven distribution of means to achieve those goals - Robert Merton

54
Q

What is Subcultural theory?

A

Albert Cohen challenged and refined some aspects of Merton’s work - individuals from lower-class backgrounds experience status frustration - Can become socialized into an oppositional subculture

55
Q

What is status frustration?

A

Failure to succeed in middle-class institutions

56
Q

what is delinquent subculture?

A

Develops values in opposition to mainstream society

57
Q

What is labelling theory?

A

labels may take on a master status a status that dominates all others - Howard Becker

Sociology 201 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions