Social Perception

Question 1

What is social perception

Answer 1

The study of how we form impressions of and make inferences about other people

Question 2

Nonverbal communication

Answer 2

The way in which people communicate, intentionally or unintentionally without words; like nonverbal cues include facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, body position and movement, the use of touch and gaze

Question 3

WHat does it mean to encode

Answer 3

To express or emit nonverbal behaviour such as smiling or patting someone on the back

Question 4

What does it mean todecode

Answer 4

To interpret the meaning of the nonverbal behaviour other people express, such as deciding that a pat

Question 5

Are emotions universal?

Answer 5

For the most part yes, the Big 6 emotion: anger, happiness, surprise, fear, disgust, and sadness

Question 6

What are affect blends

Answer 6

Facial expressions in which one part of the face registers one emotion while another one registers another emotion

Question 7

What are display rules

Answer 7

Culturally determined rules about which nonverbal behaviour are appropriate to display

Question 8

What are emblems

Answer 8

Nonverbal gestures that have well understood definitions within a given culture, they usually have direct verbal translations, (eg OK sign and nodding and thumbs up)

Question 9

What is thin slicing

Answer 9

This is drawing meaningful conclusions about anothr person’s personality or skills based on an extremely brief sample of behvaiour

Question 10

What is the primacy effect

Answer 10

when it comes to forming, impresisons the first traits we perceive in others influence how we view information that we learn about them later. Additionally we tend to use our schemas to associate traits with other traits

Question 11

What is belief perserverance

Answer 11

The tendency to stick with an initial judgement even in the face of new information that should prompt us to reconsider.

Question 12

Why are first impressions long lasting?

Answer 12

Primacy effect and belief perseverance and schemas

Question 13

Who did study on primacy effect

Answer 13

Soloman Asch on the experiment that described two people in the same words but in different orders

Question 14

What is attribution theory

Answer 14

This is the study of how we infer the causes of other people’s behaviours; a description of the way in which people explain teh causes of their behaviour and other people’s behaviour

Question 15

Internal vs external attribution

Answer 15

Attributing the cause of a behaviour due to internal causes such as personality, attitude or character VS due to external situation or circumstances

Question 16

What is the covariation model by Kelley

Answer 16

We gather data and come to a attribution conclusion: use of consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency data

Question 17

What is consensus information

Answer 17

Informaiton about the extent to which other people behave the same way toward the same stimulus as the actor does

Question 18

Distinctiveness information

Answer 18

Information about the extenet to which one particular actor behaves int eh same way to different stimuli

Question 19

Consistency informaiton

Answer 19

Information about the extent to which the behaviour between one actor and one stimulus is the same across time and circumstances

Question 20

high in consistency but low in consensus and distinctiveness

Answer 20

Most likely internal attributio

Question 21

all three (consensus, distinctiveness, consistency) are high

Answer 21

Most likely to make external attribution

Question 22

Consistency is low?

Answer 22

Not very clear whether external or internal

Question 23

Do people always follow the covariation model to make attributions?

Answer 23

Studies show that people dont rely on consensus information as much , also when not all the information is available

Question 24

Fundamental Attribution error

Answer 24

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which other people;s behvaiour is due to itnernal, dispositional factors and to underestimate the role of situational factors.

Question 25

What is the study that showed the fundamental attribution error

Answer 25

The study with the essay about fidel castro

Question 26

Why do we tend to fall into the fundamental attribution error

Answer 26

Perceptual salience of the people and not the situation

Question 27

Perpetual salience

Answer 27

The seeming importance of information that is the focus of people’s attention

Question 28

What is the two step attribution process

Answer 28

Analyzing another person’s behaviour first by making an automatic internal attribution and only then thinking about possible situational reasons for the behaviour, after which one may adjust the original internal attribution

Question 29

Why do epople not tend to make the adjustment in the second step after the interal attribution

Answer 29

Because the first step is unconscious while the second step requires more effort and attention

Question 30

When do we make the second step in the two step attribution theory

Answer 30

1) if we are cognitively alert and motivated to make as accurate a judgement as possible
2) we are suspicious about the behaviour of the target person
3) We consciously slow down and think carefully before reaching a judgement

Question 31

What are self serving attribution

Answer 31

Explantions for one; successes that credit internal, dispositional factors and explanations for one’s failures that blame external, situational factors

Question 32

What is the bias blind spot

Answer 32

The tendency to think that other people are more susceptible to attributional biases in their thinking than we are

Question 33

Analytical vs holistic thinking style

Answer 33

Focus on the properties of an object rather than the situation surrounding the object VS the opposite