Social Motivation Unit 11 Lecture 2

Question 1

Abraham Maslow was the first to do what?

What did he develop?

Answer 1

• First psychologist to propose that some of our motivations must take precedence over others
• Developed a hierarchy of needs

Question 2

Once we first fulfill our basic needs, we can then move onto to what 5 other needs?

Answer 2

• Belongingness
• Esteem needs
• Cognitive Needs
• Aesthetic needs
• Self actualization (the need to reach our fullest potential) *ultimate goal

Question 3

Can we fulfill more than 1 need at a time?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

The Basic Human Need to Belong

Answer 4

Relates to goal of maintaining social relationships, knowing that others value us

Question 5

Under-appreciated Threats to Mental Health & Causes of Social Problems

Answer 5

• Sleep Deprivation
• Information Overload
• Social isolation/rejection (loneliness)

Question 6

Passionate Love

Answer 6

Love that is tied to physical attraction and the intense desire to have sexual contact with the other person - honeymoon phase (steamy shower, rollercoaster ride)

Question 7

Companionate Love

Answer 7

Love emerged more from feelings of warmth, contentment, trust, as well as deep knowledge of the other persona and strong admiration for them (warm bath, long road trip)

Question 8

Oxytocin

Answer 8

Hormone that stimulates the feeling of love/trust

Question 9

Factors Associated with Romantic Partners Staying Together for the long-term include? (x5)

Answer 9

• Having a high level of attraction to begin with
• Financial and lifestyle costs
• Parenting responsibilities
• Religious beliefs
• The availability of alternative options

Question 10

Esteem Needs (aka Achievement Motivations)

Answer 10

Motive to achieve goals that are significant/prestigious

Ex) Earning a university degree

Question 11

Approach goals

Answer 11

Money, self-esteem, popularity

Question 12

Avoidance goals

Answer 12

Avoidance of emotional pain, avoid financial losses, embarrassment avoidance

Question 13

Motivations

Answer 13

Different for everyone

Question 14

Universal Human Needs

Answer 14

• Relatedness
• Autonomy
• Competence

Question 15

Relatedness

Answer 15

The needs to feel connected with others

Question 16

Autonomy

Answer 16

The need to fell that we have control over our own destiny

Question 17

Competence

Answer 17

The ability to develop a satisfying level of skill in some domain
Our motive to pursue goals in some areas, (academic, athletic, artistic) doesn’t depend on our actual competence, but rather our BELEIF in our competence

Question 18

Self Efficacy

Answer 18

Our belief about how competent we are to succeed in a particular domain
- Higher self efficacy = more skill/confidence

Question 19

The 3 universal human needs form the Self Determination Theory

Answer 19

• Success
• Happiness
• Health
  Our ability to succeed in achieving our goals, our happiness, and our heath depends on whether we have control over our ability to achieve those goals

Question 20

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 20

Motivations having to do with direct personal gain for performing an activity

Question 21

Amotivational

Answer 21

When the threat to our autonomy becomes so great that we completely lose the motivation to do anything; laazzyyy

Question 22

Intrinsic Motivation (aka Mastery Motives)

Answer 22

Motivations having to do with the inherent pleasure one derives from an activity and from improving ones skill

Question 23

Which form of motivation is more productive and why?

Answer 23

Intrinsic Motivations are better - in a recent study, grade 5 students were either praised for their intelligence when solving puzzles (an EXTRINSIC REWARD), or they were praised for their hard work (INTRINSIC MOTIVATION) to develop skill in puzzle solving
Later, the children praised for their intelligence were more anxious about solving more difficult puzzles, were more likely to give up, and ended up solving fewer puzzles than the children praised for working hard
Only 13% of the students praised for working hard lied about how many puzzles they solved, whereas 40% of the students praised for their intelligence lied about the number of puzzles they solved

Question 24

The Over justification Effect

Answer 24

Applying extrinsic rewards to an intrinsically enjoyable behavior can cause people to enjoy the behavior less and may reduce their motivation to engage in the behavior
Ex) betting on a sports game

Question 25

Is there any effort being made to change people’s behaviors in ways other than bribery or threat of punishment?
Give an example.

Answer 25

• Currently, there is an effort to change people’s behavior through ways other than bribery or the threat of punishment
• Advertising methods to nude people into changing their behavior
  Ex) recycling
  Messages that portray negative consequences failing to take action are strongest