Social Motivation Unit 11 Lecture 2 Flashcards
Abraham Maslow was the first to do what?
What did he develop?
- First psychologist to propose that some of our motivations must take precedence over others
- Developed a hierarchy of needs
Once we first fulfill our basic needs, we can then move onto to what 5 other needs?
- Belongingness
- Esteem needs
- Cognitive Needs
- Aesthetic needs
- Self actualization (the need to reach our fullest potential) *ultimate goal
Can we fulfill more than 1 need at a time?
Yes
The Basic Human Need to Belong
Relates to goal of maintaining social relationships, knowing that others value us
Under-appreciated Threats to Mental Health & Causes of Social Problems
- Sleep Deprivation
- Information Overload
- Social isolation/rejection (loneliness)
Passionate Love
Love that is tied to physical attraction and the intense desire to have sexual contact with the other person - honeymoon phase (steamy shower, rollercoaster ride)
Companionate Love
Love emerged more from feelings of warmth, contentment, trust, as well as deep knowledge of the other persona and strong admiration for them (warm bath, long road trip)
Oxytocin
Hormone that stimulates the feeling of love/trust
Factors Associated with Romantic Partners Staying Together for the long-term include? (x5)
- Having a high level of attraction to begin with
- Financial and lifestyle costs
- Parenting responsibilities
- Religious beliefs
- The availability of alternative options
Esteem Needs (aka Achievement Motivations)
Motive to achieve goals that are significant/prestigious
Ex) Earning a university degree
Approach goals
Money, self-esteem, popularity
Avoidance goals
Avoidance of emotional pain, avoid financial losses, embarrassment avoidance
Motivations
Different for everyone
Universal Human Needs
- Relatedness
- Autonomy
- Competence
Relatedness
The needs to feel connected with others
Autonomy
The need to fell that we have control over our own destiny
Competence
The ability to develop a satisfying level of skill in some domain
Our motive to pursue goals in some areas, (academic, athletic, artistic) doesn’t depend on our actual competence, but rather our BELEIF in our competence
Self Efficacy
Our belief about how competent we are to succeed in a particular domain
- Higher self efficacy = more skill/confidence
The 3 universal human needs form the Self Determination Theory
- Success
- Happiness
- Health
Our ability to succeed in achieving our goals, our happiness, and our heath depends on whether we have control over our ability to achieve those goals
Extrinsic Motivation
Motivations having to do with direct personal gain for performing an activity
Amotivational
When the threat to our autonomy becomes so great that we completely lose the motivation to do anything; laazzyyy
Intrinsic Motivation (aka Mastery Motives)
Motivations having to do with the inherent pleasure one derives from an activity and from improving ones skill
Which form of motivation is more productive and why?
Intrinsic Motivations are better - in a recent study, grade 5 students were either praised for their intelligence when solving puzzles (an EXTRINSIC REWARD), or they were praised for their hard work (INTRINSIC MOTIVATION) to develop skill in puzzle solving
Later, the children praised for their intelligence were more anxious about solving more difficult puzzles, were more likely to give up, and ended up solving fewer puzzles than the children praised for working hard
Only 13% of the students praised for working hard lied about how many puzzles they solved, whereas 40% of the students praised for their intelligence lied about the number of puzzles they solved
The Over justification Effect
Applying extrinsic rewards to an intrinsically enjoyable behavior can cause people to enjoy the behavior less and may reduce their motivation to engage in the behavior
Ex) betting on a sports game
Is there any effort being made to change people’s behaviors in ways other than bribery or threat of punishment?
Give an example.
- Currently, there is an effort to change people’s behavior through ways other than bribery or the threat of punishment
- Advertising methods to nude people into changing their behavior
Ex) recycling
Messages that portray negative consequences failing to take action are strongest
