Perspectives on Intillegence Unit 9 Lecture 1

Question 1

Psychology has a history of

Answer 1

ethical and human rights violations

Ex) People were given IQ test, if they did not perform well they would be sterilized

Question 2

Innate intellectual ability used to be based off of…

Answer 2

intelligence test, encouraging governments across N. America to make decisions about people based on these test results.
These were Eugenics programs designed to engineer a genetically superior population

Question 3

Sir Francis Galton

Answer 3

Responsible for earliest attempts to measure intelligence
He thought high intelligence emerged from unusually keen sensory abilities
Since we must acquire all our knowledge through sensory experience

Question 4

Anthropometrics

Answer 4

Procedures for measuring variations in human physical and mental abilities

Question 5

James McKeen Cattell

Answer 5

Further studied the link between intelligence and achievement and sensory abilities in university students.
Ex. having great visual abilities doesn’t mean that a person will also have great hearing abilities.

Question 6

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

Answer 6

Many consider a reasonable definition to view intelligence as an ability to think, understand, reason, and adapt to or overcome obstacles

Question 7

Mental Age

Answer 7

If a child’s chronological age is 10, but their score most closely matches the average score of 8 year olds, their Mental Age would be 8

Question 8

Lewis Terman

Answer 8

Modified Binet and Simon’s test, and called it The Stanford Binet Test
Terman marketed his test as providing a measure of children’s innate and stable level of intelligence

Question 9

William Stern

Answer 9

Stern’s idea was that a person’s intelligence may be well captured by a single #, called the Intelligence Quotient/IQ
Mental Age/Chronological Age x 100
If Mental age = 8 and Chronological age = 10 then IQ =8/10 x 100 = 80

Question 10

Deviation IQ

Answer 10

Relating the score a person receives on an intelligence test to the average score obtained from a very large group of people that are the same age.

Question 11

Social Darwinism

Answer 11

• Social progress resulted from conflicts in which the fittest or best adapted individuals, or entire societies would prevail.
• Europeans applied natural selection to suggest their dominance over other cultures

Question 12

John Raven’s Progressive Matrices

Answer 12

• This test is based on pictures
• Most of the tests involved recognizing patterns in a series of shapes and colours and matching them
• The idea is that any differences in cultural background or English language proficiency would not play a role in the test
• Many of the results still revealed ethnic differences

Question 13

Meritocracy

Answer 13

• ## Wealth, power, and status should depend solely on hard work and natural ability

Question 14

Stereotype Threat

Answer 14

• Discriminatory views about the intelligence level of members of an ethnic group can actually lead members of those groups to perform worse on standardized tests
• Hispanic and Black test writers will do worse on intelligence tests because negative stereotypes undermines their confidence
  The stereotype,
  Generates pressure and anxiety that others don’t need to cope with
  It makes them more self conscious on their performance

Question 15

Incremental Theory

Answer 15

The belief that a person’s intelligence can be improved with experience and effort

Question 16

Entity Theory

Answer 16

• The belief that intelligence is a stable trait that is nearly impossible to improve
• People who hold this view are more likely to give up when they face academic challenges, preventing themselves from an opportunity to improve
• Our obsession with IQ scores continues, including on the Internet

Question 17

Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale or WAIS

Full Scale IQ

Answer 17

• Provides a measure for a person’s overall level of intelligence
• It also provides separate scores for two different facets of intelligence

Question 18

(GAI)

Answer 18

The General ability index

Question 19

The General ability index

Answer 19

A measure of performance on verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning tasks

Question 20

(CPI)

Answer 20

The Cognitive Proficiency Index

Question 21

The Cognitive Proficiency Index

Answer 21

A measure of working memory capacity and processing speed