Social Influences

Question 1

Social influence (Kelman)

Answer 1

Social influence occurs when the real or implied presence of people influences the behaviour and attitudes of others. (Obedience and conformity are types of social influence)

Question 2

Compliance

Answer 2

Form of social influence where behaviour is changed in response to a direct or indirect request by another person. (Slowing down when someone sees a speed camera on the freeway, individual may not believe there should be speed limits but slow down to avoid receiving a fine)

Question 3

Compliance influencing agent

Answer 3

People who have the power to rewards and punish (Government, banks, boss)

Question 4

Identification

Answer 4

Arises when people change their attitudes or behaviours because they want to establish or sustain a satisfying relationship with another person. (Students cooperating with teachers, in order to receive resources and mentoring.)

Question 5

Identification influencing agent

Answer 5

People that other believe having a relationship with would be important, (lawyer, teacher, personal trainer)

Question 6

Internalisation

Answer 6

The individual accepts influence because the attitude or behaviour of the group is in line with those of the individual. (People who take their pets to the vet will follow the vet’s health advice)

Question 7

Internalisation influencing agent

Answer 7

People who have credibility due to being trustworthy, and an expert in their field (medical practicioner)

Question 8

Obedience

Answer 8

Changing behaviour in response to a direct order by an authority figure.

Question 9

Social response to authority

Answer 9

People who obey an authority figure usually do so to avoid punishment OR have a strong belief in the authority figure.

Question 10

Conformity

Answer 10

Changing behaviour to align with those of a group due to real or implied pressure.

Question 11

Normative influence

Answer 11

Occurs when people conform because they want to be accepted by the group and not stand out.

Question 12

Informational influence

Answer 12

Occurs when people conform because they would like to be correct and currently lack the information needed to be sure of their opinion or belief.

Question 13

Individualistic cultures

Answer 13

Value people standing out as an individual. (Australia, UK, US, Europe)

Question 14

Collectivist cultures

Answer 14

Value the needs of the group over individual interests. (China, Singapore, Indonesia, Colombia)

Question 15

When does conformity increase/decrease (Group size)

Answer 15

Rates of conformity increase as group size increases.

Question 16

Unanimity

Answer 16

When people all agree about the same thing. When a group lacks unanimity level of conformity decreases.

Question 17

Deindividuation

Answer 17

When people lose their sense of individual identity and self-awareness in a group, often leading them to act in ways they normally wouldn’t on their own.

Question 18

Social loafing

Answer 18

The tendency for an individual to reduce their effort when working in a group

Question 19

Sucker effect

Answer 19

An individual reducing their effort when working in a group after realising other group members are not putting in the effort.

Question 20

Free-rider effect

Answer 20

An individual reducing their effort when working in a group because they believe other group can complete the task without their impact.

Question 21

Antisocial behaviour

Answer 21

Behaviour that harms society and its members by intentionally violating the rights of others.

Question 22

Factors influencing antisocial behaviour

Answer 22

Diffusion of responsibility
Audience inhibition
Social influence
Cost benefit analysis
Groupthink

Question 23

Audience inhibition

Answer 23

Failure to intervene in an emergency in the presence of others due to fear of being negatively judged.

Question 24

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 24

A reduction in personal responsibility when in a group, resulting in the individual being less likely to act.

Question 25

Cost benefit analysis

Answer 25

The psychological process of weighing up the benefit of performing a behaviour, with the potential cost of the behaviour.

Question 26

Groupthink

Answer 26

Group members conform to make unanimous decisions without using critical reasoning. (Heavens gate)

Question 27

Bystander

Answer 27

A person present at an event but not taking part

Question 28

Bystander effect

Answer 28

Proposes the more people present, the less likely help will be offered by any of the individuals. (Kitty Genovese)

Question 29

Bullying

Answer 29

The purposeful use of a difference in power to repeatedly cause physical, psychological or social harm.

Question 30

Types of bullying

Answer 30

Physical
Verbal
Social
Cyber

Question 31

Prosocial behaviour

Answer 31

Voluntary actions that promote social acceptance and benefit society and its members

Question 32

Factors influencing prosocial behaviour

Answer 32

Reciprocity principle
Social responsibility
Personal characteristics
Altruism

Question 33

Reciprocity principle

Answer 33

The social norm where a person feels obligated to return the favour to a person that does something for them.

Question 34

Social responsibility

Answer 34

The theory that individuals are accountable for acting in a way that benefits society.

Question 35

Personal characteristics

Answer 35

Depends on the person’s empathy, mood and competence

Question 36

Altruism

Answer 36

Helping others without expecting any personal reward