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Year 11 Psychology Exam > Biological Psychology > Flashcards

Biological Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic and autonomic

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3
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Subconscious (automatic) and further divided into two functions. Parasympathetic and sympathetic.

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4
Q

Somatic system

A

Controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles (Sensory and motor)

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5
Q

Neuron structure

A

Cell body
Axon
Dendrites
Myelin sheath
Synapse

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6
Q

Neuron function

A

nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system and is specialised to transmit information throughout the body

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7
Q

Dendrites

A

Branch out in tree like fashion and serve as the main apparatus for receiving signals from other nerve.

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8
Q

Soma

A

Factory of the neuron, produces all the proteins for the dendrites, axons and synaptic terminals.

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9
Q

Axon

A

Main conducting unit of the neuron capable of carrying electrical signals along distances

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10
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Wraps around certain nerve axons serving as an electrical insulate.

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11
Q

Sensory nerves (afferent)

A

Carry information towards the CNS

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12
Q

Motor nerves (efferent)

A

Carry information from the CNS

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13
Q

Interneurons

A

Act as the connection between sensory neurons and motor neurons and transfers messages from sensory neurons to motor neurons within the CNS

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14
Q

Neural transmission

A

Electrical nerve impulses travel to the axon terminal of a pre synaptic neuron. The action potential causes an influx of calcium ions which causes a neurotransmitter to be released by vesicles and into transporters.

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15
Q

3 parts of the brain

A
  1. Hindbrain
  2. Midbrain
  3. Forebrain
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16
Q

Hindbrain

A

Coordinates sensory and motor messages entering and leaving. Responsible for balance and coordination. Medulla and cerebellum

17
Q

Medulla

A

Lowest part of brainstem, relays info between spinal cord and brain. (Respiration and circulation)

18
Q

Cerebellum

A

Structure at the lower back of the brain sitting underneath the cerebrum. Responsible for the coordination l of smooth well sequenced movements, as well maintaining balance.

19
Q

Midbrain

A

Smallest portion of the brainstem and its most cranial structure. Reticular formation

20
Q

Reticular formation

A

Complex network of nuclei located within the length of the brainstem that runs through the centre of the brain stem and upward through the midbrain. Regulates sleep-wake cycle and attention.

21
Q

Forebrain

A

The largest part of the brain that plays a key role in cognition behaviour and processing sensory information.

22
Q

Left hemisphere specialisation

A

Verbal and analytical (receive and process information from right side of body

23
Q

Right hemisphere specialisation

A

Creative and appreciation (Receive and process information from left side of body)

24
Q

Corpus collosum

A

Large bundle of neural fibres (white matter) connecting the two hemispheres.

25
Q

Lobes

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
26
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Involved in speaking and muscle movement and in making plans and judgements. Biggest lobe of the brain

27
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Receiving and processing sensory input such as touch, pressure, heat, cold and pain.

28
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Include the visual areas which receive visual information from the opposite visual field

29
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Include the auditory areas, each of which receives auditory information primary from the opposite ear.

30
Q

Broccas area

A

A region in the frontal lobe with functions liked to speech production. Only on left side of brain frontal lobe.

31
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Located in temporal lobe. Controls ability to understand meaning of words. Only left side of brain temporal lobe.

32
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram: Dynamic imaging

Electrodes placed on scalp and brain waves are detected in brain.

Help to diagnose epilepsy and other seizure disorders.

33
Q

CT Scan

A

Computed Tomography: Still imaging

Rotating x-ray beam moves around patient head while taking multiple x-ray images.

Fractures, tumours, aneurysms

34
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Still imaging

Strong magnetic field and radio waves to produce pictures of the brain.

Diagnose brain tumours and aneurysms/strokes

35
Q

fMRI

A

Functional magnetic resonance imaging: Dynamic imaging

Strong magnetic waves to show where neurons are consuming oxygen.

Show the parts of the brain that are active when patient is performing a task.

Year 11 Psychology Exam (6 decks)

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