Attitudes and Stereotypes

Question 1

Attitude

Answer 1

An evaluation made up of the feelings, beliefs and behaviours toward a person, social group, event.

Question 2

Tripartite model

Answer 2

1. Affect (Feelings)
2. Behaviour (Actions
3. Cognition (Thoughts)

Question 3

Implicit attitudes

Answer 3

Unconscious judgements held toward an attitude object.

Question 4

Explicit attitudes

Answer 4

Conscious judgements held toward an attitude object.

Question 5

Theory of cognitive dissonance

Answer 5

A feeling of mental discomfort when contradictory information is perceived by a person.

Question 6

Effect of cognitive dissonance on behaviour

Answer 6

Avoidance
Reduction
Rationalisation

Question 7

Avoidance

Answer 7

People are inclined to avoid encountering situations and new information that could increase cognitive dissonance.

Question 8

Reduction

Answer 8

Easing the uncomfortable feeling caused by holding conflicting thoughts or actions.

Smoking: Quitting or cutting down on smoking to align with their health values. This approach directly resolves the conflict.

Question 9

Rationalisation

Answer 9

Individuals experiencing cognitive dissonance tend to rationalise or justify their behaviour.

Question 10

Responses to cognitive dissonance

Answer 10

Change beliefs
Change behaviour
Change perception of the action

Question 11

Attrtibution

Answer 11

The process of attaching meaning to our behaviour or behaviour of others

Question 12

Situational attribution

Answer 12

Assigning the cause of behaviour to environmental factors external to the person (social situations and social pressure)

Question 13

Social identification

Answer 13

Adopting the identity of the group that has been joined.

Question 13

Dispositional attribution

Answer 13

Assigning the cause of behaviour to internal factors within the person (personality, ability and motivation)

Question 13

Social categorisation

Answer 13

The innate process of placing people we come across into groups based on shared characteristics. (Age, sex, race)

Question 13

Social comparison

Answer 13

Comparing the joined group with other groups

Question 14

Tripartite model in relation to stereotypes

Answer 14

Affect: Prejudice
Behaviour: Discrimination
Cognition: Stereotype

Question 14

Prejudice

Answer 14

Unjustified attitudes toward members of social groups and is made up of the three components of an attitude, mainly affect.

Question 14

Causes of prejudice

Answer 14

Intergroup behaviour
Social influence
Intergroup competition
Social categorisation
Just world phenomenon

Question 14

Intergroup behaviour

Answer 14

Interactions, members from one group have with members of another group

Question 15

Social influence

Answer 15

Children learn prejudice from their family, teachers, peers and friends (agents of socialization). Also TV, media.

Question 16

Intergroup competition

Answer 16

Economic competition over access to resources, wealth and jobs can lead to groups purposefully inciting prejudice against outgroups by portraying them as a threat.

Question 17

Just world phenomenon

Answer 17

The assumption people make that everything that happens for a reason and that the world is just/fair

Question 18

Ways to reduce prejudice

Answer 18

Intergroup contact
Superordinate goals
Mutual interdependence
Equal-status contact

Question 19

Intergroup contact

Answer 19

Contact between members of different social groups

Question 20

Contact hypothesis

Answer 20

Intergroup contact can reduce prejudice and negative stereotypes held by members

Question 21

Superordinate goals

Answer 21

Goals both groups want to achieve, but that can only be achieved if both groups cooperate.

Question 22

Mutual interdependence

Answer 22

Groups depend on each other to meet their goals; they have a co-dependent relationship

Question 23

Equal-status contact

Answer 23

Members of both groups must have roughly equal power.