Social Influence - Group Influences Flashcards
Group Influences
list 4 effects that the presence of others can have on an individual
1) social facilitation
2) social inhibition
3) social loafing
4) deindividuation
Group Influences
list 2 effects that occur when the mere presence of other people affects a person’s task performance
1) social facilitation
2) social inhibition
Group Influences
this refers to an improvement in performance and affects easy & well-learned tasks
social facilitation
Group Influences
this refers to a decrease in performance and affects difficult & unfamiliar tasks
social inhibition
Group Influences
this theory of group influence proposes that social faciliation & social inhibition occur because the presence of others increases psychological arousal, and then strengthens the dominant response, which is usually the correct response for an easy task & an incorrect response for a difficult task
Zajonc’s (1980) drive theory
Group Influences
this occurs when members of a group contribute less to the group’s output then they would have done if working alone
social loafing
Group Influences
list 2 terms that are associated with explanations for social loafing
1) diffusion of responsibility
2) decreased evaluation apprehension
Group Influences
this term, associated with social loafing, occurs when people who are working with others on a collective task feel less motivated to exert effort and less responsible for task outcomes
diffusion of responsibility
Group Influences
this term, associated with social loafing, occurs because, when people are working on a collective task, they’re less concerned that their contribution to the task will be identified and judged by others
decrease in evaluation apprehension
Group Influences
list 5 instances when social loafing is less likely to occur
1) when a group is small & cohesive
when group members believe:
2) that the task is personally meaningful
3) they’ll be punished for poor performance
4) their individual contributions are necessary for a successful outcome
5) their individual contributions can be identified & evaluated
Group Influences
people from (western/eastern) cultures are more likely to engage in social loafing
western, individualistic
Group Influences
this refers to the loss of person’s sense of individuality & the reduction of normal constraints against deviant behavior
deindividuation
Group Influences
while the majority has informational & normative influence, a minority must rely on this & is most likely to persuade the majority when the minority consistently express their opinion without seemed to be too ____ or ____.
- behavioral style
- too rigid or dogmatic
Group Influences
Moscovici (1980) proposed that opinion change due to minority influence is more likely to lead to…; while opinion change due to majority influence is more likely to leade to…
private acceptance of the opinion (conversion); public acceptance (compliance)
Group Influences
Steiner (1972) proposed that the outcomes associated with group performance are affected by the type of task. List the 5 types of task
1) additive
2) compensatory
3) disjunctive
4) conjunctive
5) discretionary
