social influence exam Flashcards
what is conformity (majority influence)?
change in behavior or opinions based on pressure from the majority of a group.
what are the three types of conformity?
.compliance
.internailsaion
.identification
outline what compliance is.
where a person changes there opinions in public for without changing them in private first .
outline what is internalisation?
type of conformity
where a person changes their opinion in private and also public
why is internalization a powerful type of conformity?
reaches a permanent change in the person’s behavior and opinion even away from the group
what is identification?
when a person changes to fit in with a group of people because they value membership and want to be apart of the group
How powerful is identification?
sits midway between internalisation and complaince as the person is also changing their beliefs in private and in public while as long as they will remain a member of the group
what is normative social influence? and what are they
two types of explanations to why people conform
.normative social influence (NSI)
.Social influence (ISI)
what is Normative socail inflence ?
when a indivaul accept the opinion of the majority because they desire to be a part of a social group
but the compliance disappears as soon as the group is no longer monitoring the behavior of the individual leading to weak and temporary
what is Informational socal influnece
ISI is when the person accepts the opinion and behavior of the majority bc they believe it to be informed and important
leading it to be more powerful and long-lasting even away from the group as it is leading to be Internatlisation
.process driven by our cognitive (thought) rather than our emotions meaning our emotions arnet important
ASCH
Outline what Asch’s original findings are.
.In 1951 he wanted to investigate to see how far people would conform using variables that affected conformity.
. participants to make a simple perceptual comparison of a single line with a group of three lines (see picture below), and then decide which one of the three lines was closest in size to the single line. The correct answer was always very clear
first, they completed it by themselves but then the participants would be in a group with the other participants disguising themselves in a group of 7 and picking the wrong answers to see how the group would react
what did the ashes experiment found
in the first experiment there were onlt 1% wrong answers on the line but that rose to 35.8% incorrect when the condions were controlled with the confederates present
.75% of the participants conformed at least once
25% never conformed
95% gave a different response to the confederates at least once
Overall conformity had some power
ZIM
what was Zimbardo’s aim?
was to investigate the case of violence in military prisons
some details about the Zimz experiment
Used volunteering sampling to get male American students
.who had to be emotionally stable after a psychology testing
Where randomly sampled into a prisoner or a guard
How did Zim make it more realistic
Established a mock prison in the base of the Stanford uni
The cells had bars there was uniform, chains on their feet
guards had uniforms, clubs, handcuffs, keys, and mirror shades
what did Zim’s findings
what zim concluded
.gards quickly conforming to their social roles ie harassing the prisoners constantly, holding countless headcounts even in the middle of the night
.prisoners conformed by rebelling after 2 days ie ripping off their numbers, swearing and shouting to the guards
.many prisoners realised due to psychological disturbance
MILGRAM
Define obedience
form of social influence that someone complying with an instruction by someone with authority
what is destructive obeydeince
obeying orders wich have negative effect on someone
outline what milligrams procedure
was to see if people would destructively obey to see if that’s what led to the halcoast.
what was milgrams orgianl idea plan
.The experimenter took the role of the teacher and this role required the experimenter to administer increased electric shock starting at 15 and then increasing it to 450vots
.learner was paying confederate pretended to be elected whereas the new participants where the role of the teacher now
Even though the new teachers where accompanied by the experimenter and encouraging the participants to carry on.
what did milligram find in his experminet
every participant continued to shock the learner up to 300 volts .
.that destructive obedience is well within the behavioural repertoire of most pp (it is normal )
what was the percentage that continued /didn’t for the milligrams experiment
12.5% stoped at 300 vote
65% did the maximum 450
how dose baseline prospers relate to situational variables
milligram manipulated the teacher-learner procedure to investigate how suitable variable can explain obedience
what was one of the milligrams reach into the situational variable of proximity?
.basline conditions:the teacher and learner were in different rooms and milligram manipulated this for them to be in the same room
.basiline condones: the experimenter giving orders and the participants were in the same room changed them to be in different rooms and the experimenter gave orders over the phone
what was the outcome of his changing the manipulation of the proximity change?
the obience for 450 bots had declined from 60% to 40%(for the experimenter and learner to be in different rooms )
.obienced declined to 20.5% from getting over over the phone
.
what is the different in milligrams study if the location for the situational variable is changed
in the baseline condone where it was first experiment was taken in the prestige Yale uni instead milligrams manipulated them to be in a run-down office leading the obedience fall of 47.5%
what is the different in milgrams study if the uniform for the situational variable is changed
in the baseline the experimenters had worn a grey lab coat
but in milgrams manipulation the exporters had to take an important phone call where the experimenters where changed to a more casual outfit experimenter
the obeinenced fell to 20 %
milgram conucled in his situationl variable on obedience
Participants had to be physically closer the people involved having a powerful effect
Who is giving the order
AGENTIC STATE
what is aentic state
people think that they should obey and fufill a persons wishes as the obeince that they do isnt there responsiablity
what is the shiift that is beleived made
people shifting from and autonomus stare where they can act free towards there own princibles towards acting agentic state
what did milgram propse that was used to get people too keep them in a agentic state
.binding factors
what are the 3 exples that mildgram used binding factor
Throughout the research participants where told that it wasn’t there responsibility for there actions but the experimenter this was done so moral strain was removed
Participants had started their shock on a lower level but then gradually increased where told that their actions were
.as participants where volunteers and this led them to commit fully making it hard to leave
what else was used to ease the moral strain
strain reducing mechanisms
what are some of the strain reducing mechanisms
. participants would shift there responsibilities to blame the experimenter or the learner for being foolish to volunteer
.participants would shift their forcose on only the switch or the words that are being read out loud to distract themself from the experiment
what is a legitmacy authority
person who is perceived to be in a position of social control within a particular situation (e.g., teacher in a classroom).
Legitimacy of authority provides a sociocultural explanation for obedience. Determining if a particular authority figure has legitimacy can only be understood with reference to the shared assumptions within a particular society.
