social influence exam

Question 1

what is conformity (majority influence)?

Answer 1

change in behavior or opinions based on pressure from the majority of a group.

Question 2

what are the three types of conformity?

Answer 2

.compliance
.internailsaion
.identification

Question 3

outline what compliance is.

Answer 3

where a person changes there opinions in public for without changing them in private first .

Question 4

outline what is internalisation?

Answer 4

type of conformity
where a person changes their opinion in private and also public

Question 5

why is internalization a powerful type of conformity?

Answer 5

reaches a permanent change in the person’s behavior and opinion even away from the group

Question 6

what is identification?

Answer 6

when a person changes to fit in with a group of people because they value membership and want to be apart of the group

Question 7

How powerful is identification?

Answer 7

sits midway between internalisation and complaince as the person is also changing their beliefs in private and in public while as long as they will remain a member of the group

Question 8

what is normative social influence? and what are they

Answer 8

two types of explanations to why people conform
.normative social influence (NSI)
.Social influence (ISI)

Question 9

what is Normative socail inflence ?

Answer 9

when a indivaul accept the opinion of the majority because they desire to be a part of a social group

but the compliance disappears as soon as the group is no longer monitoring the behavior of the individual leading to weak and temporary

Question 10

what is Informational socal influnece

Answer 10

ISI is when the person accepts the opinion and behavior of the majority bc they believe it to be informed and important

leading it to be more powerful and long-lasting even away from the group as it is leading to be Internatlisation

.process driven by our cognitive (thought) rather than our emotions meaning our emotions arnet important

Question 11

ASCH

Question 12

Outline what Asch’s original findings are.

Answer 12

.In 1951 he wanted to investigate to see how far people would conform using variables that affected conformity.
. participants to make a simple perceptual comparison of a single line with a group of three lines (see picture below), and then decide which one of the three lines was closest in size to the single line. The correct answer was always very clear
first, they completed it by themselves but then the participants would be in a group with the other participants disguising themselves in a group of 7 and picking the wrong answers to see how the group would react

Question 13

what did the ashes experiment found

Answer 13

in the first experiment there were onlt 1% wrong answers on the line but that rose to 35.8% incorrect when the condions were controlled with the confederates present

.75% of the participants conformed at least once
25% never conformed
95% gave a different response to the confederates at least once

Overall conformity had some power

Question 14

ZIM

Question 15

what was Zimbardo’s aim?

Answer 15

was to investigate the case of violence in military prisons

Question 16

some details about the Zimz experiment

Answer 16

Used volunteering sampling to get male American students
.who had to be emotionally stable after a psychology testing
Where randomly sampled into a prisoner or a guard

Question 17

How did Zim make it more realistic

Answer 17

Established a mock prison in the base of the Stanford uni
The cells had bars there was uniform, chains on their feet

guards had uniforms, clubs, handcuffs, keys, and mirror shades

Question 18

what did Zim’s findings

Question 19

what zim concluded

Answer 19

.gards quickly conforming to their social roles ie harassing the prisoners constantly, holding countless headcounts even in the middle of the night
.prisoners conformed by rebelling after 2 days ie ripping off their numbers, swearing and shouting to the guards
.many prisoners realised due to psychological disturbance

Question 20

MILGRAM

Question 21

Define obedience

Answer 21

form of social influence that someone complying with an instruction by someone with authority

Question 22

what is destructive obeydeince

Answer 22

obeying orders wich have negative effect on someone

Question 23

outline what milligrams procedure

Answer 23

was to see if people would destructively obey to see if that’s what led to the halcoast.

Question 24

what was milgrams orgianl idea plan

Answer 24

.The experimenter took the role of the teacher and this role required the experimenter to administer increased electric shock starting at 15 and then increasing it to 450vots

.learner was paying confederate pretended to be elected whereas the new participants where the role of the teacher now
Even though the new teachers where accompanied by the experimenter and encouraging the participants to carry on.

Question 25

what did milligram find in his experminet

Answer 25

every participant continued to shock the learner up to 300 volts .
.that destructive obedience is well within the behavioural repertoire of most pp (it is normal )

Question 26

what was the percentage that continued /didn’t for the milligrams experiment

Answer 26

12.5% stoped at 300 vote
65% did the maximum 450

Question 27

how dose baseline prospers relate to situational variables

Answer 27

milligram manipulated the teacher-learner procedure to investigate how suitable variable can explain obedience

Question 28

what was one of the milligrams reach into the situational variable of proximity?

Answer 28

.basline conditions:the teacher and learner were in different rooms and milligram manipulated this for them to be in the same room

.basiline condones: the experimenter giving orders and the participants were in the same room changed them to be in different rooms and the experimenter gave orders over the phone

Question 29

what was the outcome of his changing the manipulation of the proximity change?

Answer 29

the obience for 450 bots had declined from 60% to 40%(for the experimenter and learner to be in different rooms )

.obienced declined to 20.5% from getting over over the phone

.

Question 30

what is the different in milligrams study if the location for the situational variable is changed

Answer 30

in the baseline condone where it was first experiment was taken in the prestige Yale uni instead milligrams manipulated them to be in a run-down office leading the obedience fall of 47.5%

Question 31

what is the different in milgrams study if the uniform for the situational variable is changed

Answer 31

in the baseline the experimenters had worn a grey lab coat
but in milgrams manipulation the exporters had to take an important phone call where the experimenters where changed to a more casual outfit experimenter
the obeinenced fell to 20 %

Question 32

milgram conucled in his situationl variable on obedience

Answer 32

Participants had to be physically closer the people involved having a powerful effect
Who is giving the order

Question 33

AGENTIC STATE

Question 34

what is aentic state

Answer 34

people think that they should obey and fufill a persons wishes as the obeince that they do isnt there responsiablity

Question 35

what is the shiift that is beleived made

Answer 35

people shifting from and autonomus stare where they can act free towards there own princibles towards acting agentic state

Question 36

what did milgram propse that was used to get people too keep them in a agentic state

Answer 36

.binding factors

Question 37

what are the 3 exples that mildgram used binding factor

Answer 37

Throughout the research participants where told that it wasn’t there responsibility for there actions but the experimenter this was done so moral strain was removed

Participants had started their shock on a lower level but then gradually increased where told that their actions were

.as participants where volunteers and this led them to commit fully making it hard to leave

Question 38

what else was used to ease the moral strain

Answer 38

strain reducing mechanisms

Question 39

what are some of the strain reducing mechanisms

Answer 39

. participants would shift there responsibilities to blame the experimenter or the learner for being foolish to volunteer

.participants would shift their forcose on only the switch or the words that are being read out loud to distract themself from the experiment

Question 40

what is a legitmacy authority

Answer 40

person who is perceived to be in a position of social control within a particular situation (e.g., teacher in a classroom).

Question 41

Legitimacy of authority provides a sociocultural explanation for obedience. Determining if a particular authority figure has legitimacy can only be understood with reference to the shared assumptions within a particular society.