approches exam Flashcards
behaviousim social learning theory
what are some assumptions about behavism
.Thought processes are subjective and impossible to test scientifically but behaviour can be observed and measured scientifically
, being born a blank slate (we are only learnt through experiences ie environment )
.bioilogycal factors playing a limited role ie our desire for food
Laws that govern behaviour are the same in animals and humans
what is classical conditioning
humans and animals only learing involotayl acts only though environmental stimules
. what are the 3 ways that classical conditioning are conditioned
.
. what is a neutral stimulus (NS)
a stimiles that dosnt have a respomce
. what is a contextual info ab stimulus
you dont have a response because you weren’t born with the innate response to it
what is unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
stimules that hasnt produced a uncondioned response
more info ab (UCS)
.. unconed means unleant and that the learner already has a response to it an doesn’t need to be taught it ie you dogs dontv need to lean how to produce sliiavate when there is food bc there learnt it before incident of classical conditioning ( humans and animals leaning things thought the environment )
. what is the contextual info on cs
meaning learnt and a particular stimuls
T. what is Pre- conditioned stage
.meaning the particpant is exposed to the NS and the UCS sepretly and there is no learning occurred
what is the conditioned stage
when the paticipant is exposed to the NS and UCS at the same time
.stage where the learner is learning to put the 2 stimule to ger but. there is no learning being occurred bc the NS isn’t paired with the ucs for it to learn
T. what is the post-conditioning stage
wher elearing is ouucred as the the ns and ucs are being displayed at the same time the ns will be relabled with a cs
what is pavlovas research into classical conditions
.revelsed that a do will silver at the sound of a bell if they were given food
.and over the dog will think that the bell (NS) and the food will be the (Un conditioned stimulus ) leading it to produce a conditioned response meaning salvation every time the bell rings
what is operant condoning?
. is a behaviorist theory where animals and humans learn to change their strength by pairing voluntary acts with environmental consequences
How does learning in operant conditioning
.stimules (change in enviomnment )
.responce (with a behaviour)
.reinforcement (the environment has a consequence ) either strengthing it or making it weaker
what are the types of operant conditioning
. positive reinforcement
. negative reinforcement
.punishment
what is positive reinforcement
consequences of a behaviour is something the leaner desires that strengthen the behaviour
what are the negative reinforcements
.conseyes of a behaviour of what they do and puts a negative thing like more hm that will strengthen the behaviour
what was Skinner resarch in operant condiong
. he conducted experiments with rats and pigeons in a skinner box where it was a designed cage
.as he wanted to test if animals responded to stimulus
How did Skinner provide evidence for positive reinforcement?
provided postive reinforcement by showing that rats would press the leaver more than once if it was rewarded with food
How did skinner provide evidence for punishment
.less likely to press the lever in response to a light If doing so resulted in the electric grid turning on
what is extinction in classical condoning
for an extended period, the condined stimuli isn’t paired with the unconditioned stimulus leading to the association between the stimuli being lost and the cc weakening
what is extension in operant conditioning
the environmental consequences don’t follow the behaviour leading the companies not to work anymore
social learning theory
what is social learning
occurs through observing others. For example, we learn to imitate (or avoid) their behavior and a type of indirect reinforcement.
what are the 3 types of modeling stimuli
. live models
.verbal instrustion
.symbolic
what is live models
where a person demonstrates the desired behaviour
what is instruction
where the participant tells the reacher there desired behaviour detail and instructs them on how to engage to there behaviour
what is symbolic
where stimulus can other be real or fictional characters and the modelling occurs through the media ie moves
what is identification
when a person will pay more attention to to a someone they see as a role model
what is meditational processes
.cogantive mental must occur between the environment and our behaviour
what re the 4meditational processes
. attention
retention
motor reproduce
motivation
what is attention
a person attending there behaviour ourroring and if they don’t pay attention then they don’t pay attention imitation won’t occur
what is retention
person retaining a modelling behaviour inter minds they can imitate it
what is motor reproduction
person deciding weather they a physically capable of reproducing the modelling behaviour and if its too difficate then they won’t imitate it
what is motivation
person desiring to reproduce a modelling behaviour and for this to happen the rewards must outweigh the cost
what is vicars reinforcement
.is a persons observation a modelling behaviour being rewarded leading them to imitate them increases
. if they observe it to be punished there motivation to imitate will NOT increase
what is a punishment?
. consques of the behaviour cases there to be a negative reinforcer like the loss of sm good or putting negative punishment
WUNT
who is Wundt?
father of experimental psychology in 1879
.Set up his laboratory in Leipzig Germany
what was Wendt’s research ab
components of the conscious experiment
what is his developments
of structuralism sought to understand the mind from the bottom up like how things such as basic constituent parts of the conscious experience and leading to more complicated ideas like complex mental experiences
what is introspection
a method where a person analyses their own conscious experiences to learn ab the underlying processes that support it
what were the two ways that wundt form of difference to non-experimental introspection used by philosophers?
He only conducted trained observers who had been taught to focus on particular stimuli ie light
.siricly controlled conditions 9 only increased or deaaced the light and kept everything else the same )
what are some assumptions about behavism
.Thought processes are subjective and impossible to test scientifically but behaviour can be observed and measured scientifically
, being born a blank slate (we are only learnt through experiences ie environment )
.bioilogycal factors playing a limited role ie our desire for food
Laws that govern behaviour are the same in animals and humans
what is classical conditioning
humans and animals only learing involotayl acts only though environmental stimules
what are the 3 ways that classical conditioning are conditioned
.netutral stimules (ns)
. unconditioned stimulus
.condtioned stimulus
what is a neutral stimulus (NS)
a stimiles that dosnt have a respomce
what is a contextaul info ab stimulus
you dont have a response because you weren’t born with the innate response to it
what is unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
stimules that hasnt produced a uncondioned response
. more info ab (UCS)
.. unconed means unleant and that the learner already has a response to it an doesn’t need to be taught it ie you dogs dontv need to lean how to produce sliiavate when there is food bc there learnt it before incident of classical conditioning ( humans and animals leaning things thought the environment )
what is condioned stimules
produces a conditional response
what is the contextual info on cs
meaning learnt and a particular stimuls
. What are the 3 stages of classical conditioning
. Pre-conditioned stage
.condioing stage
.post- conditioning stage
. what is Pre- conditioned stage
.meaning the particpant is exposed to the NS and the UCS sepretly and there is no learning occurred
what is the conditioned stage
when the paticipant is exposed to the NS and UCS at the same time
.stage where the learner is learning to put the 2 stimule to ger but. there is no learning being occurred bc the NS isn’t paired with the ucs for it to learn
what is the post conditioning stage
wher elearing is ouucred as the the ns and ucs are being displayed at the same time the ns will be relabled with a cs
