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Psychology Paper One > Social Influence > Flashcards

Social Influence Flashcards

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1
Q

Informational Social Influence

A

Conformity is due to the desire to be right

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2
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

Conformity is due to the desire to be liked

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3
Q

Compliance

A

Individual goes along with the group to gain approval, publicly but not privately

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4
Q

Identification

A

Temporarily accepting and conforming to a group publically and privately

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5
Q

Internalisation

A

Publicly and privately accepting the beliefs of an individual or group

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6
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

feeling anxiety when holding two contradictory ideas

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7
Q

Confederate

A

Actors who portray themselves as a participant in the study

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8
Q

Situational Variables

A

Features of an environment that affect conformity

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9
Q

Individual variables

A

Personal characteristics that affect conformity

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10
Q

Social Roles

A

the parts individuals play in a social group

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11
Q

De-individuation

A

When a person moves into a group and loses some individual identity

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12
Q

Dehumanisation

A

Degrading people by lessening their human qualities

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13
Q

Obedience

A

Complying with the demands of an authority figure

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14
Q

Milgram Paradigm

A

Experimental procedure for measuring obedience rates

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15
Q

Agentic State

A

When an individual carries out the orders of another individual, acting as their agent and taking little responsibility

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16
Q

Autonomous State

A

Individuals are seen as personally responsible for their actions

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17
Q

Legitimacy of Authority

A

A person who is perceived to be in a position of social control

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18
Q

Dispositional

A

Individuals behaviour as a result cause by internal characteristics

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19
Q

Authoritarian personality

A

Having extreme respect for authority and is obedient to those who have power over them

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20
Q

Social support

A

Assistance and solidarity available from others

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21
Q

Locus of control

A

Extent to which individuals believe they can control events in their lives

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22
Q

Reactance

A

Occurs when a person feels that someone or something is taking away his or her choices

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23
Q

Ironic deviance

A

Takes place when we believe that the behaviour of the majority is the result of unreasonable pressure from authority

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24
Q

Minority influence

A

Where an individual influences the behaviour of a larger group

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25
Q

Social Change

A

process of a change in beliefs and attitudes of society

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26
Q

Asch Procedure

A

Individual participants were placed in groups from 7-9 and were asked to composer sets of lines
There were 18 trails and 12 of these were critical in which the confederates gave an incorrect answer

27
Q

Who were the volunteers for Aschs study

A

123 american male students

28
Q

What was Aschs control groups error rate?

A

0.04%

29
Q

On Aschs critical trials, what was the conformity rate?

A

32%

30
Q

How many of Aschs participants conformed at least once

A

75%

31
Q

How many never conformed

A

25%

32
Q

How many conformed on all wrong answers of Aschs study?

A

5%

33
Q

What were Aschs participants three reasons for conformity?

A
  • Distortion of action (to avoid ridicule)
  • Distortion of perception (people actually believed they were wrong)
  • Distortion of judgment (people doubted their accuracy)
34
Q

Conclusions of Aschs study?

A

Judgment of individuals is affect by majority even when their evidently wrong

35
Q

+ of Asch - Paradigm

A

became an accepted way of conducting research into conformity

36
Q
  • of Asch - uneconomical and time consuming
A

Crutchfield performed similar research but tested all participants all at once

37
Q
  • of Asch - unrealistic
A

lacked mundane realism

38
Q
  • of Asch - unethical
A

included deceit and harm (psychological stress)

39
Q
  • of Asch - unconvincing confederates
A

Conformity rate was actually only 32% which is quite low

40
Q
  • of Asch - 1956 USA
A

1956 USA was very anti communist therefore everyone would would most likely conform, if it was tested again results would most likely be significantly different

41
Q

Who improved Aschs study and what was their improvement

A

Mori and Arai

  • used females
  • varied culture
42
Q

Zimbardo’s Findings

A
  • Both guards and prisoners settled into roles quickly
  • Five prisoners had to leave the study early due to extreme psychological stress
  • Was terminated after 6 days due to how consumed the participants became in their roles
43
Q

Zimbardos Conclusions

A
  • Illusion merges into reality - cant trust human perception
  • People are ready to conform if the roles are heavily stereotyped
  • Situational hypothesis
44
Q

Zimbardo - EXTREMELY BAD ETHICS!!!

A

No protection from harm
No right to withdraw
Deception
Loss of privacy

45
Q

+ of Zimbardo - intention improved prisons

A

hoped to improve however he acknowledged they were worse now than in the 1970s

46
Q
  • Zimbardo - conflict of interest
A

He actually took part in his own study

47
Q

+ Zimbardo - ethical consent

A

was accepted by committee and did offer debriefing for several years

48
Q

What were the prompts from Milgrams study

A
  • Please continue
  • The experiment requires you to continue
  • You have no other choice but to continue
49
Q

Findings of Milgram

A

65% went to 450V

only 12.5% stopped

50
Q

Conclusions of Milgram

A

Ordinary people are likely to still obey even if it goes against moral code or distress

51
Q

Adorno - F Scale

A

people who scored higher of the F Scale tended to have parents in an authoritarian lifestyle (absolute obedience)

52
Q

Why do people resist

A
  • Social Support

- Locus of control

53
Q

Examples of lack of resistance

A
  • Junior doctor

- Co pilot

54
Q

Internal Locus of Control

A

Make things happen

  • More independent
  • Less reliant on others opinions
55
Q

External Locus of Control

A

Things happen to them

- Dependant on others

56
Q

Spectors Locus of Control

A

Measured in regards to normative and informative social influence
- Relates to normative as people usually conform when they desire to be liked

57
Q

Internals are more persuasive

A
  • Spector
58
Q

Internals before better under pressure

A

Hutchins

59
Q

Minority Influence three features to success

A

Consistent
Flexible
Commitment

60
Q

Consistency study

A

Blue Slides

  1. 2% conform to minority when consistent
  2. 25% conform to minority when inconsistent
61
Q

Commitment

A

Xies tipping point only needs 10%

62
Q

Factors of Social Change

A 
Attention 
Conflict 
Consistent 
Augmentation 
Snowball 
Cryptoamnesia
63
Q

Social change through majority

A

Social Norms Interventions

Psychology Paper One (4 decks)

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